Protestant Reformation and
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Agenda
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Bell Ringer: What is an invention today that is similar to the impact of the
Printing Press?
Lecture: Luther, Calvin, and the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Reformation.
The Medici’s and the Protestant Reformation
Document Analysis: 95 Theses
Council of Trent Primary Source
Reading Quiz next Thursday, Read Chapter 13 (Renaissance only) and All of Chapter
15.
Objectives:
Students will compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism.
Students will analyze Luther’s 95 Theses and the effects on the Catholic Church.
Students will examine the Counter-Reformation and the effects on aspects within the
Catholic Faith.
Overview
• Martin Luther believed
he had the one true
vision of the church and
attempted to correct all
other Christians.
• In the end he further
subdivided the church.
The Sale of Indulgences
• In the Catholic faith,
indulgences reduce
penalties due for sins.
• Tetzel, a Dominican
Friar claimed that
indulgences would
automatically remove
guilt and the penalty.
• Luther claims that
indulgences are wrong.
Painting by Carracci
95 Theses
• He forbid the sale of
indulgences.
• Luther felt indulgences
created a middle person
that interfered with God.
• Indulgences cannot get
you out of purgatory, only
God can.
• The focus needed to be
on God, not the Pope or
Priests.
Pope Leo X
• He was not in a hurry to
deal with Luther.
• “Just a monk”
• He ordered a reply to
the theses, but Luther
increased his attack on
the Papacy.
• 1520, Luther is
excommunicated.
Diet of Worms
• 1521, Luther is granted
a hearing to recant his
theses.
• He refused, claiming
that Scripture was the
only source for him.
• Then he begins the
Lutheran Church.
Calvinism
• Men and women are
sinful by nature.
• Predestination
– He already has a plan
• Very strict…
– No card games, no
dancing, no bright
clothing, no sleeping in
church, no art, no
theater…
Catholic Reformation
• The Catholic Church waited
too long to respond to the
Protestant Reformation.
• Much of Northern England
was lost to the Protestants.
• They sought to attain two
goals.
1. Reform the Church
2. Establish countermeasures
against Protestantism.
There was a rigorous campaign
to improve the morals of the
clergy.
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
• Sought to keep a balance
favorable to Rome.
• Reform and reinvigorate
the church.
• Restated beliefs and
corrected abuses.
• Simony = sale of Church
positions. (outlawed)
• Chastity was restored.
• There was no
compromise with Luther
or Calvin.
Ignatius of Loyola
• Spanish nobleman who
founded a new society
based on service to the
pope.
• He became a soldier of
the lord. Founded the
Jesuits.
• They took the monastic
views of chastity,
poverty, and obedience
to the pope.