Bones 1
Bones
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
1. The names of the main bones
2. The different types of bones
3. How bones help when playing
sport
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
•Understand the different types of
bones
•Describe the names of the main
bones
•Explain how different bones help
the sportsperson
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 4
The bones of the skeleton
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 5
Bone shapes
There are four classifications of
shapes of bone:
1. Short (for example, the carpals in the
hand)
2. Flat (for example, the scapula in the
shoulder)
3. Long (for example, the humerus in
the thigh)
4. Irregular (for example, the patella in
the knee)
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 6
Cheekbone
Cranium
Jawbone
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Humerus
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tarsals
Tibia
Metatarsals
Phalanges
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 7
How bones help the
sportsperson
Bones have different uses
depending on where they are
in the body. Some, like the
vertebrae, work together and
act as a shock absorber.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 8
Short bones are specialists for fine
movements, especially those of the
hand. For example, when putting
spin on a ball in cricket.
Carpals
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 9
Flat bones are tough and can
withstand hard impact. For
example, a rugby player’s internal
organs are protected by his ribcage
during a tackle.
Ribcage
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 10
Long bones create
leverage when
playing sport,
helping to generate
speed, force and
power, for example,
when bowling a ball.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
Femur
© Folens 2009
Bones 11
Irregular bones protect. For
example, the patella stops
hyperextension at the knee and
provides movement-based stability.
Patella
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 12
Task 1
Using the illustrations on the next
slide, decide for yourself which are
long bones, short bones, irregular
bones and flat bones.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 13
Cheekbone
Cranium
Jawbone
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Humerus
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Key
Fibula
Tarsals
Tibia
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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Long
Short
Irregular
Flat (plate)
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 14
The vertebrae are irregular bones.
33 of these bones make up the vertebral
column.
They are placed in five groups according
to where they are along the vertebral
column.
When players land from a jump it is the
vertebrae that help reduce the shock on
their feet
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 15
Cervical
vertebrae (7)
allow different
movements at
the top of the
spine. The top
two vertebrae are
called the atlas
and the axis.
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 16
Cervical
thoracic
vertebrae (12):
Ten of these are
attached to the
ribs and help
movement when
breathing.
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© Folens 2009
Bones 17
Lumbar vertebrae
(5) are the most
robust as they take
a lot of weight.
They are large
because they are in
the area that allows
the most
movement.
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 18
Sacrum (5) become
fused together in
adulthood. They make
up part of the pelvic
girdle.
The vertebrae
of the coccyx
(4) are all fused
together.
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 19
All the vertebrae fit together neatly
to protect the spinal cord, which is
the main method of nerve impulse
transmission from the brain to the
muscles.
This is an important job as any
damage to the cord can cause
paralysis.
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1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 20
In between the vertebrae there are
cartilage discs.
These help stop damage, wear and
tear and grinding down of the
vertebrae through constant
movement.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 21
Task 2
1. In pairs or a group of three, write
down all the main bones of the
body on cue cards.
2. In your pair or group, put
together a labelled skeleton
showing the main bones of the
body.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 22
Task 3
Create a glossary of terms for
bones including their name and
function.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 23
What you have learnt
in this topic:
1. The names of the main bones
2. The different types of bones
3. How bones help when playing
sport
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009
Bones 24
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
•Understand the different types of
bones
•Describe the names of the main
bones
•Explain how different bones help
the sportsperson
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.5 A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system
© Folens 2009