Paragraph Development
_____ by Cause and Effect
INTRODUCTION:
In our daily conversation, questions with
‘Why’ are often asked and answered. It is something we are familiar with. But it is not always
easy to explain causes and effects clearly and
logically. One reason for this is that an effect
may have many causes and a cause may have
many effects. So we must be thorough in our
discussion and careful in our selection of details.
Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most
quality of any analysis.
1)
When writing a cause-and-effect paragraph, bear in
mind that if you want make it reasonable or logical. You
must not take it for granted that event A causes event B
simply because event A precedes event B. In other
words, you must explain clearly what really brings about
a particular result.
2)
Keep possible shift in order. In cause-and-effect
writing, it seems convenient to state the effect first and
then analyze the causes. The reverse order; however, is
to be preferred when one cause leads to a number of
effects.
The General Structure of the
Paragraph of this Kind
Structure 1:
Topic Sentence
Effect-cause 1
Effect-cause 2
Concluding Sentence
Structure 2:
Topic Sentence
Cause-effect 1
Cause-effect 2
Concluding Sentence

You will have to determine which causes or effects
you're going to write about. For instance, if there are too
many causes for you to deal with in the scope of your
essay, you'll have to decide what are the main causes, the
ones you have to treat, and then suggest to your reader
that there are other, relatively minor, causes outside the
scope of your essay.

The cause and effect essay can end in a number of
ways. It might be enough for your paper to point out
causes or effects that people might not have thought of
before, or to sort out those causes or effects so that
people can grasp them with fresh insight or in a newly
organized fashion. On the other hand, your essay might
lead to a call for action based on patterns of cause and
effect that you have perceived.
Development:
1.Choose the topic sentence
2.Decide the supporting details
A. Effective Details （statistics , examples ,and so forth） The
choice of the method is often determined by the topic.
B. Sub-topic sentences
§sub-topic sentences are useful for long paragraphs
§similar to the topic sentence, it has a controlling idea which
needs to be supported with examples
§not every paragraph must have sub-topic sentences
Example:
Topic sentence: The Green House Effect will cause dramatic
changes in the world.
Sub-topic sentence: Because of the increase of the temperatu
of up to 10 degrees, there will be changes in existing patterns of
agriculture
3.Conclusion
Reference model 1 :

In these years, the record companies
have been competing to bring out the latest
versions of the same pieces, but they didn't
bother finding out if music fans wanted
them. Now they realize their mistake, but
too late. Nothing illustrates the problems
facing the classical music industry better
than Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. With
over 100 different compact disc (CD)
recordings of the Fifth currently available,
this is one example of a popular piece of
music which has been recorded too many
times. The CD-buying public, it seems, has
lost its taste for new recordings of famous
pieces.
Reference model 2 :

Advertisements are one of the most frustrating
parts of watching television. The reasons for this are
as follows. In the first place, owing to the frequent
advertisements, much time is wasted. In the second
place, the advertisements interrupt the viewers,
which leads to the viewers losing their appetite for
the good show. In the third place, they make people
under constant economic pressure because the ads
make many products look more attractive than they
really are. Since ads could not disappear from TV
screen, the television viewers must be aware and
critical of the advertisements in order to endure
them.
 Useful sentence patterns for cause:
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There are several reasons why / for…
The reasons for…are…
The reasons why…are as follows.
…is caused by / due to / because of…
 Words to be used for cause:

because (of), since, now that, as a result of, on
account of, for this reason, owing to, due to, result from
 Useful sentence patterns for effect:
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The result / effect consequence of…is…
…will result in…
Therefore, …
As a result (of…), …
 Words to be used for effect:
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lead to, result in, contribute to, so that, thus, hence, consequently,
accordingly, in view of…
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