Pages 13-14
More than one way
Important for the development of the essay
Depends on author’s purpose and intended
effect
Beginning, middle, end
May be more than one paragraph
Draws the readers in by challenging them, by
piquing their interest, getting their attention
Factual info.
Background info.
Level of detail is determined by what
audience already knows
Appeal is logos, which helps to establish the
author’s ethos
Specific details
Development of proof
Strongest appeal is logos
Counterargument given
Serves as a bridge between the proof and the
conclusion
Can be more than one paragraph
Brings essay to a close
Usually appeals to pathos
Also reminds reader of author’s ethos
Answers the question, so what?
Last words = most likely words to be
remembered
Pages 14-15
Note how each section exemplifies the notes
you just wrote!
Narration
Description
Process Analysis
Exemplification
Comparison and Contrast
Classification and Division
Definition
Cause and Effect
Chronological
Concrete detail
Point of view
Often dialogue
Crafts a story that supports the thesis
Five senses
Vivid picture
Often establishes a mood
Establishes empathy for:
◦ author
◦ author’s subject, or
◦ author’s argument
Explains:
◦ How something works
◦ How to do something, or
◦ How something was done
Clarity and Logic Required
Transitions that mark sequence of steps,
stage, or phases of process
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