Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.
Adjective Clause
 An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or
relative clause—will meet three requirements:
 First, it will contain a subject and verb
 Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom,
whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where,
or why].
 Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the
questions What kind? How many? or Which one?
Adjective Clause Formula
Examples
 Whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie
 Whose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject; pleaded =
verb.
 Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister
Melanie
 Why = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can stand = verb
[not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb].
Adjective Phrases In Use
 Diane felt manipulated by her beagle Santana, whose
big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.
 Chewing with her mouth open is one reason why Fred
cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie.
Assessment
 Growling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter, Madison's two
dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced
across the kitchen floor.
 Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped for
seven hours afterward.
Answers
 Growling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter, Madison's two
dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced
across the kitchen floor.

 Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped
for seven hours afterward.
Recognize an adverb clause when you see one.
Adverb Clause
 An adverb clause will meet three requirements.
 First, it will contain a subject and verb.
 You will also find a subordinate conjunction that keeps
the clause from expressing a complete thought.
 Finally, you will notice that the clause answers one of
these three adverb questions: How? When? or Why?
Subordinate Conjunction
How, When, Why?
 Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile until his arms
ached.
 How did Tommy scrub?
 Until his arms ached = adverb clause.
Assessment
 Underline the adverb clause. In your answers, include a
‘how’, ‘when’, or ‘why’ question. Ex.. “How did Tommy
scrub?”
 1. Josephine's three cats bolted from the driveway once
they saw her car turn the corner.
 2. After her appointment at the orthodontist, Danielle
cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew
an omelet.
Answer
 Josephine's three cats bolted from the driveway once
they saw her car turn the corner.
 When did the cats bolt? Once they saw her car turn the
corner, an adverb clause.
 After her appointment at the orthodontist, Danielle
cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew
an omelet.
 Why did Danielle cook eggs? Because she could easily
chew an omelet, an adverb clause.
Recognize an noun clause when you see one.
Overview (Of Everything)
 A sentence which contains just one clause is called a
simple sentence.
 A sentence which contains one independent clause
and one or more dependent clauses is called a
complex sentence. (Dependent clauses are also
called subordinate clauses.)
 There are three basic types of dependent clauses:
adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses.
(Adjective clauses are also called relative clauses.)
Noun clauses perform the same functions
in sentences that nouns do:
 A noun clause can be a subject of a verb:
 What Billy did shocked his friends.
 A noun clause can be an object of a verb:
 What Billy did shocked his friends.
 A noun clause can be a subject complement:
 Billy’s mistake was that he refused to take lessons.
 A noun clause can be an object of a preposition:
 Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.
 A noun clause (but not a noun) can be an adjective
complement: Everybody is sad that Billy drowned.
Activity Part 1.
 Finish these phrases with nouns
 1. I don’t know _________________.
 2. I love _________________.
 3. I remember _____________.
 4. _______________ is fun.
 A noun clause REPLACES a noun. In other words, a
noun clause is a multi-word noun.
 Replace the nouns from Activity Pt. 1 with a noun
clause.
 1. I don’t know _________________.
 2. I love _________________.
 3. I remember _____________.
 4. ______________ is fun.