Nutrients and Digestion Chapter
Test Review
7th grade Science
Main sources of energy; starches
and sugars.
• Carbohydrates
Nutrients that repair and replace
body cells.
• Proteins
Subunits of proteins.
• Amino acids
Inorganic nutrients that regulate
the body’s chemical reactions.
• Minerals
Physical breakdown of food, as in
chewing.
• Mechanical Digestion
Breakdown of food by enzymes for
absorption.
• Chemical digestion.
Enzyme-containing fluid in the
mouth.
• Saliva
Muscular contractions that move
food.
• Peristalisis
Fingerlike projections in the small
intestine.
• Villi
Unlike inorganic nutrients, organic
nutrients contain ________.
• carbon
Starches are in foods such as
potatoes and ________.
• grains
Milk, cheese, and ______ contain
ALL the essential amino acids.
• eggs
The amount of energy available in
foods is measured in ________.
• calories
________ are nutrients that help
absorb some vitamins.
• Fats
Saturated fats, found in ______,
are believed to contribute to high
cholesterol and heart disease.
• Red meats
_______ are essential, organic
nutrients that help your body
regulate its functions.
• Vitamins
Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack
of _______
• Vitamin C
Trace minerals include copper and
_______.
• iodine
Next to oxygen, _____ is the most
vital factor for survival.
• water
A protein that speeds up the rate
of a chemical reaction in your body
is called a(n) ________.
• enzyme
The process of digestion begins in
your ______.
• mouth
Food that leaves your stomach is the
form of a thin, watery fluid called
______.
• Chyme
The major portion of all food
________ takes place in the
duodenum.
• digestion
The major job of the ______ is to
absorb water from undigested
food.
• Large intestine
What tells you that eating corn
would not add to your cholesterol
level?
• 0g fat
What two nutrients would help
build bones and teeth?
• Vitamin C and Phosphorus
What tells you that eating corn
would help give you energy?
• 18g carbohydrates
Your doctor just told you that you
have high cholesterol. What
causes high cholesterol, what are
its risks, and what can you do to
lower your risks?
High cholesterol equals saturated fats, this
causes deposits in blood vessels, this leads to
a chance of heart attack and stroke. To
decrease this risk is to eat less fats also known
as red meats.
If your doctor said you had a Vitamin D
deficiency, what changes could you
make to correct it?
• Spend time in the sun and/or eat foods
containing Vitamin D.
The main job of the _________ is
to absorb water from undigested
food.
• Large intestine
In doing so, the body returns large
amounts of water to the body and
maintains ________.
• Homeostasis
_________ slows down somewhat
in the large intestine.
• Peristasis
Chyme may stay here as long as
______ days.
• three
During this time, excess water is
absorbed back into the blood stream.
The remaining materials, consisting of
__________ and bacteria, become
more ________.
• Undigested material
• solid
Bacteria that live here feed on these
undigested materials. This is a
symbiotic relationship. The bacteria
feed on these materials, and in return
they produce several _________ that
you need.
• vitamins
List the four organic nutrients and the
two inorganic nutrients.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Organic
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Inorganic
Minerals
Water
How do minerals get into your body?
• Minerals are absorbed from soil by plants.
When you eat plants, you get these nutrients.
8. Place where food is
ground
mechanically into
small pieces
9. Muscular tube that
serves as a
passageway for
food.
10. Turns food into
chyme
11. Major portion of all
digestion takes
place.
B. Esophagus
F. Mouth
H. Small
Intestine
I. Stomach
12. Produces bile
13. Stores bile
14. Produces substances
that stop stomach acid
action and enzymes
that break down
organic nutrients
15. Absorbs water from
undigested food
16. Controls the release
of solid waste
A. Anus
C. Gallbladder
D. Large
intestine
E. Liver
G. Pancreas
Discuss the food pyramid and the
relationship between diet and health.
The food pyramid helps maintain good health,
has the food groups, and calcium-rich foods.
What are enzymes and how do they
aid in digestion?
Enzymes are proteins that help join or break
down substances. They are vital in chemical
digestion because they help break down food
as it passes through the digestive system,
without being changed themselves.