Matter
Matter
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PA Standards
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3.2.12.C: Inquiry and Design
3.4.10.A: Physical Science,
Chemistry, and Physics
3.4.12.A: Physical Science,
Chemistry, and Physics
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Apply the elements of
scientific inquiry to solve
multi-step problems.
Explain concepts about
the structure and
properties of matter.
Apply concepts about
the structure and
properties of matter.
Objectives
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Distinguish between the physical and chemical
properties of matter, and give examples of each.
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Perform calculations involving density.
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Explain how materials are suited for different
uses based on their physical and chemical
properties, and give examples.
Question
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What are Chemical and Physical Properties of Water?
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Specific Heat
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Adhesion
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Straw
Cohesion
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_OXM4mr_i0&feature=related
Dropper and Penny
Polarity
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Salt
Plastic
Distinguish between the
physical and chemical
properties of matter, and
give examples of each.
Physical Properties
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Physical properties - observe without changing the identity
Chemical properties - substance combines with other
elements or breaks apart to create new substance
Melting/Boiling point the temperature and pressure at
which a solid becomes a liquid/gas
Three States of Water
Examples
Comparing Physical and
Chemical Properties
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Characteristic properties help to identify and
classify substances.
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The table below compares some physical and
chemical properties.
Activity
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Complete the “Physical and Chemical Properties”
Activity.
Each person will have an example.
Identify your example as a:
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Physical Property
Chemical Property
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Explain why your example is a physical/chemical
property or change.
After you have written your explanation, place your
example next to the category it fits in.
Perform calculations
involving density.
Demo Lab
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Finding Density
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Materials:
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Balance
Small beaker
Large beaker
Golf Ball
Graduated cylinder, 100 mL
Salt
Spoon
Water
Add water to a cup and add salt. Add salt until an egg floats.
Determine the following:
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What is the density of the saltwater solution?
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(Density = mass / volume)
What is the density of the golf ball?
Compare your density measurements. What conclusions can you draw from
this comparison?
Physical Properties,
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Density the ratio of the mass of a substance to the
volume of a substance
Physical Properties, continued
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The equation for density is D = m/V
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Density = mass/volume
Units – grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)
Activity
Complete the Density Worksheet.
Explain how materials are
suited for different uses
based on their physical and
chemical properties, and
give examples.
Activity
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Read “Why It Matters: Aerogel” on page 53.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAJWyRIDDVQ (19
minutes)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHnen2nSmDY
Writing Prompt:
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What are some physical properties of aerogel?
NASA used aerogel to protect the Sojourner rover from the cold
environment on Mars. What property makes aerogel useful for this
purpose?
How can aerogel improve energy efficiency in homes?
Do the benefits justify the cost? Explain.
Would you want aerogel as a part of your home? Why or why not?
Physical Properties, continued
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Physical properties help determine uses.
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Examples of useful physical properties include:
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low freezing point
high boiling point
water resistance
flexibility
electrical conductor
heat conductor
Chemical Properties
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Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts
or how a substance changes into a new substance
when in contact with other elements.
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Reactivity the ability of a substance to combine
chemically with another substance
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Flammability the ability of a substance to react in
the presence of oxygen and burn when exposed to a
flame
Reactivity
Reactivity
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxhW7TtX
IAM
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9z5mJ8NZk
Thought Questions
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Identify the following as physical or chemical properties:
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Reacts with water
Is red
Is shiny and silvery
Melts easily
Boils at 100 degrees C
Is nonflammable
Has a low density
Tarnishes in moist air
Describe several uses for plastic, and explain why plastic is a
good choice for these purposes.
How could a product such as aerogel be used to increase
efficiency in homes?