“Peneraju Pendidikan Negara”
YEAR 2
CONTENT & LEARNING STANDARDS
CONTENT STANDARD
3.1 By the end of the 6-year primary
schooling, pupils will be able to
form letters and words in neat
legible print including cursive
writing.
LEARNING STANDARDS
3.1.1 Able to write in neat legible
print:
a) words
b) phrases
c) simple sentences
3.1.2 Able to write numerals in neat
legible print:
a) numeral form
b) word form
CONTENT STANDARD
3.2 By the end of the 6-year
primary schooling, pupils will
be able to write using
appropriate language, form
and style for a range of
purposes
LEARNING STANDARDS
3.2.1 Able to complete with
guidance:
a) simple messages
b) posters
3.2.2 Able to write simple
sentences with guidance.
3.2.3 Able to punctuate correctly:
a) capital letters
b) full stop
c) question mark
3.2.4
Able to spell common sight
words
CONTENT STANDARD
3.3 By the end of the 6-year
primary schooling, pupils will
be able to write and present
ideas through a variety of
media using appropriate
language, form and style.
LEARNING STANDARDS
3.3.1 Able to create simple nonlinear texts using a variety of
media with guidance:
a) posters
b) signs
THE WRITING SKILL
 What is our expectation of children
when they write?
 Perfection?
 Neat handwriting?
 Good spelling?
 Clear punctuation?
 Sound grammar?
THE WRITING SKILL
What is your emphasis?
The process or the product?
 Developing writing skills happen over a
series of stages and it doesn’t happen
quickly! It’s a PROCESS.
THE WRITING SKILL
To teach writing
effectively, teachers need
to provide the scaffolding
required for the particular
writing activity.
Four common specific types of writing
that teachers can do in the classrooms:
Modelled Writing
Shared Writing
Guided Writing
Independent Writing
MODELLED WRITING
WHAT IS MODELLED WRITING?
The teacher is the active writer. She:
 chooses the topics.
 demonstrates the skills of gathering and
organizing information (diagrams, pictures,
graphic organisers)
 shows the need to clarify meaning.
 models the ways in which information can
be reordered, reoriented, changed, or
deleted
How to do modelled writing?
The teacher:
 thinks aloud.
 writes slowly and says a few words ahead
before she writes them.
 may get stuck in the midst of writing and rereads what she has written.
 asks pupils questions about what they
would like to know….this is to model the
thought process in writing.
Inky
pic of Inky.doc
Sample modelled writing activity
Inky
This is my pet. I call him Inky.
Inky is a rat. He has grey fur and
big, pink ears. Inky likes to eat
cheese and drink milk. I love Inky
very much. substitution table.doc
SHARED WRITING
SHARED WRITING
Teacher and student composing
the text together – teacher acts as
the scribe, writing the text as it is
being composed.
A method for direct teaching of key
skills and concepts needed in the
writing process.
The purpose:
to model the thought process involved
in writing and allow pupils to engage in
and focus on the process. When the
teacher is writing, it frees pupils from
that aspect of the writing process so
that they can focus exclusively on the
thinking involved in writing.
Reggie Routman (1994) lists several benefits of
shared writing:
 Reinforces and supports reading as well as
writing.
 Makes it possible for all students to participate.
 Encourages close examination of texts, words,
and options of authors.
 Demonstrates the conventions of writing-spelling,
punctuation, and grammar.
 Focuses on composing and leaves transcribing to
the teacher.
SAMPLE SHARED WRITING ACTIVITY
Text for shared writing Sample shared
writing text.doc
GUIDED WRITING
GUIDED WRITING
 The teacher works with either
individual pupils or pupils in small
groups.
 The teacher guides by discussing with
the group, helping them to form word
maps, prompting and guiding them to
write.
SAMPLE GUIDED WRITING ACTIVITY-3.3.1(a)
SAMPLE GUIDED WRITING
TEXT SAMPLE GUIDED
WRITING TEXT.doc
Task
In small groups, demonstrate
either modelled/shared/guided
writing based on the writing
learning standards found in the
Standard Document.
References:
 http://www.primary-education-oasis.com/teaching-
writing-to-children.html
 http://www.nicurriculum.org.uk/docs/foundation_stage/
areas_of_learning/language_and_literacy/LL_Writing.pdf
 Harmer, Jeremy (2004) How to teach writing?, Longman.
 http://www.teachervision.fen.com/reading-andlanguage-arts/skill-builder/48883.html