L01. Making Crude Oil Useful
Lesson Outcomes
APP: AF1,AF3,AF4
HSW: 2b,2c,3a
Task 1:
Explain what fossil fuels are.
Grade C
Task 2: Describe:
• How crude oil is separated
into fractions
• The main fractions obtained
from crude oil
Grade B
Task 3:
Explain why crude oil can be
separated into fractions
Grade A/A*
How I did
Targets
Connector:
(Grade D)
Describe, in
as much
detail as
possible,
how fossil
fuels were
made.
Formation of oil and gas
1) Layers of
dead sea _____
settle on the
seabed.
2) Layers of
__________
rock build up
on top.
3) The heat and ________
from these rocks, along with
the absence of ______, mean
that oil and gas are formed
over ______ of years.
Words – sedimentary, millions, oxygen, creatures, pressure
Homework
• Homework task:
1. Produce a poster to show Fractional distillation
and the uses of the fractions produced.
• Due date:
• Criteria for Grade C: Describes the main fractions obtained
from crude oil
• Criteria for Grade B: Explains how crude oil is separated into
fractions.
• Criteria for Grade A/A*: Explains why crude oil can be
separated into fractions
BIG picture
• What skills will you be developing this lesson?
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ICT
Numeracy
Literacy 
Team work
Self management 
Creative thinking 
Independent enquiry 
Participation 
Reflection 
• How is this lesson relevant to every day life? (WRL/CIT)
Task 1 (Grade C)
Task 1:
Explain what fossil fuels are.
Keywords for Task 1:
•Fossil fuels
•Natural gas
•LPG
•Methane
•Propane
•Butane
•Petrol
Task 1: Extension
•Paraffin
•Diesel
•Coal
New Information for Task 1
• Watch presentation_001.
• Now write down one thing you know about fossil fuels
• Share your answer with a partner.
• Pairs feed back one of their answers to the rest of the
class, ‘passing’ if their answer has already been given.
Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of dead
plants and animals, that lived million of years ago.
Burning fossil fuels - gases
Natural gas (methane) is a fossil fuel.
LPG
Propane and butane are the liquefied
petroleum gases (LPG) most commonly used.
Propane has a variety of uses, including
heating homes, and as a fuel for vehicles.
Butane is sold as camping gas.
Demonstration – Burning fossil fuels
Petrol, paraffin and diesel are examples of liquid fossil fuels.
Coal is a solid fossil fuel.
Task 1: Answers
•
What are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of dead
plants and animals, that lived million of years ago.
•
Name the fossil fuels mentioned so far (7).
Natural Gas (Methane), LPG (Propane), Camping
Gas (Butane), Petrol, Paraffin, Diesel and Coal
Task 1: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 1:
Explain what fossil fuels
are.
Grade C
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 1?
Task 2 (Grade B)
• Task 2:
• Describe:
• How crude oil is separated
into fractions
• The main fractions obtained
from crude oil
• Task 2: Extension
Keywords for Task 2:
• hydrocarbons
• non-renewable
resource
• finite resource
New Information for Task 2
Crude oil is:
• the source of liquid fossil fuels.
• a mixture of hydrocarbons.
• a non-renewable resource.
• a finite resource.
Explain what the words in WHITE mean.
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds made from
hydrogen and carbon ONLY.
Crude oil is a non-renewable resource, because …
.. it has taken millions of years to form from the
remains of plants and animals.
Renewable resources must be …
.. replaceable within a reasonable amount of time
(days to years).
Crude oil is a finite resource, because …
.. there is only so much of it on planet earth, and
eventually it will be all used up.
Fractional distillation of crude oil
Small molecules:
LPG
• Low boiling
points
• Very volatile
Petrol
• Flows easily
• Ignites easily
Crude oil is a
mixture of
HYDROCARBONS
and these can be
separated due to
differences in
their BOILING
POINTS.
Large molecules:
• high boiling
points
http://www.blackgold.a
b.ca/ict/Division4/Scien
ce/Div.%204/distillation
/Fractional/main.swf
• not very volatile
• viscous
• does not ignite
easily
Task 2: Summary
1. Copy and complete:
Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons.
Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.
Fractions containing mixtures of hydrocarbons are
obtained.
Each fraction contains many substances with similar
boiling points.
2. The fractions collected from the cooler top to the hotter
bottom of the fractional distillation column are:
LPG, petrol, paraffin, diesel, heating oil, fuel oil, bitumen
Use their first letters to make a rhyme to help you
remember them.
Task 2: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 2:
•How crude oil is
separated into fractions
•The main fractions
obtained from crude oil
Grade B
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 2?
Task 3: (Grade A/A*)
• Task 3:
Explain why crude oil can be
separated into fractions.
Keywords for Task 3:
• forces
See page 5 in your text books,
and using diagrams, and the
key words, write your own
explanation.
• intermolecular
• Task 3: Extension
graph work slide
• chains
• molecules
• attraction
• energy
Task 3: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 3:
Grade A/A*
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 3?
Review of lesson - Keywords:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Crude oil,
finite resource,
fossil fuel,
fraction,
fractional distillation,
non-renewable resource.
Put your hand up and explain the meaning
of one of these.
Investigating crude oil
Hydrocarbon
formula
Boiling point Relative
oC
mass
CH4
15
16
C8H18
40
114
C15H32
180
212
C22H46
310
C30H62
340
422
C50H102
420
702
Plot an xy-graph of relative mass v boiling point
Draw a line/curve of best fit and use the graph to predict
the missing boiling point
Technicians’ notes
Demo 1 – burning fossil fuels
Eye protection
Safety screen
Three teat pipettes
Ceramic tile or tin lid
Heatproof mat
Diesel
Paraffin
Petrol
Coal
Demo 2 – Fractional distillation in the lab
Ask technicians to set up this apparatus: