Rules 19 and 20
Obstructions
(and some general comments about the RRS)
PYC
May 22, 2012
David Roseman
General informaton about The Racing Rules of
Sailing
for 2009-2012
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Basic Principle
Part 1 – Fundamental Rules
Part 2 – When Boats Meet
– Section A – Right of Way
– Section B – General Limitations
– Section C – At Marks and Obstructions
Part 3 -- Conduct of a Race
Part 4 – Other Requirements When Racing
Part 5 – Protests, Redress, Hearings, Misconduct and Appeals
Part 6 – Entry and Qualification
Part 7 – Race Organization
Appendix A – Scoring
Appendix J – Notice of Race and Sailing
Instructions
Appendix K – Notice of Race Gide
Appendix L – Sailing Instructions Guide
Appendix M – Recommendations fo rProtest
Committees
Appendix P – Special Procedurese for Rule 42
Appendix S -- Sound-Signal Starting System
Index
Definitions
SECTION C – At Marks and Obstruction
Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by
navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are
approaching them to start until they have passed them. When rule
20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not.
[Rule 18 will be discussed by Peter Blacklock]
19 ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION
19.1 When Rule 19 Applies
Rule 19 applies between boats at an obstruction except when it is also a
mark the boats are required to leave on the same side. However, at a
continuing obstruction, rule 19 always applies and rule 18 does not.
19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction
(a) A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on either side.
(b) When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside
boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she has been unable
to do so from the time the overlap began.
(c) While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, if a boat that was
clear astern and required to keep clear becomes overlapped between the
other boat and the obstruction and, at the moment the overlap begins,
there is not room for her to pass between them, she is not entitled to
room under rule 19.2(b). While the boats remain overlapped, she shall
keep clear and rules 10 and 11 do not apply.
20 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION
20.1 Hailing and Responding
When approaching an obstruction, a boat sailing close-hauled or above may
hail for room to tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. After a boat
hails,
(a) she shall give the hailed boat time to respond;
(b) the hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by
immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack
and avoid her; and
(c) when the hailed boat responds, the hailing boat shall tack as soon as
possible.
20.2 Exoneration
When a boat is taking room to which she is entitled
under rule 20.1(b), she shall be exonerated if she
breaks a rule of Section A or rule 15 or 16.
20.3 When Not to Hail
A boat shall not hail unless safety requires her to
make a substantial course change to avoid the
obstruction. Also, she shall not hail if the obstruction
is a mark that the hailed boat is fetching.
What is an obstruction?
Obstruction
An object that a boat could not pass without changing course substantially, if she
were sailing directly toward it and one of her hull lengths from it. An object that
can be safely passed on only one side and an area so designated by the sailing
instructions are also obstructions. However, a boat racing is not an obstruction to
other boats unless they are required to keep clear of her or give her room.
Continuing obstruction
From Perry p 197
An obstruction that a boat “continues” to sail next to for a longer period of time, as
opposed to one that is passed in a matter of seconds.
A vessel underway, including a boat racing, is never a continuing obstruction.
Probable examples are PYC dock, condo docks and Snug Harbor
“…changing course substantially…”
= 10 degrees
10°
22.5’
10 degrees to radians
0.174533
atan 10 degrees
0.172792
x
22.5 ‘
y = atan(10) * 22.5
3.88783’
2*y
7.77'
3.89’
7.77’
Opinion
Empty mooring or no-wake buoy
probably NOT an obstruction
Any moored boat probably IS an
obstruction
Committee boat until approaching
mark to start race probably probably IS
an obstruction
Ensign (22.5’ long)
Example 1
Example 1
ROW boat
May choose to pass either side
Must stay clear, even though leeward
Example 2
W
L
Example 2
W
L
If no overlap, or overlap obtained
within one boat length, W must stay
clear
Example 3
L
W
Overlap before continuing
obstruction
PYC
Finish
Example 3
L
W
Overlap before continuing
obstruction
L is entitled to room
PYC
Finish
Example 4
L
No overlap before continuing
obstruction
W
PYC
Finish
Example 4
L
No overlap before continuing
obstruction
W
L is not entiltled to room
PYC
Finish
Example 5
L
PYC
MARK
Finish
Example 5
L
IMHO, L would be entitled to room to
clear the dock, but not to clear M
W
PYC
If M is an Ensign that has completed the
race, perhaps we need a rule to prevent
this situation
M
MARK
Finish
References
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The Racing Rules of Sailing for 2009-2012
Perry, Dave Understanding the Racing Rules of Sailing through 2012
http://www.racingrules.org/guide/guide05a.htm
http://www.ussailing.net/wlyc/Yacht%20Racing%20Rules.htm
Fleet 70 rules
• Can’t find rule about not obstructing boats
after finish.