QURANIC GRAMMAR
AS-SARF
“Morphology of the words”
Lesson 3
Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
10-12 Derivable / Non Derivable
Nouns are categorized into two categories:
1. Concrete (JAMID ‫ )جامد‬which is a not derived from any other word (it is
the origin) , and is divided in to two types:
a. Noun of Self (Zaat-genus) ‫ ذات‬it is not derived from a verb cannot be
derived from it
•
Rajolon ‫ رجل‬- Man
•
Nahar ‫ نهر‬- River
b. Abstract noun or an Infinitive (Masdar) ‫ مصدر‬, it is an action but
without time (derived from a verb-a noun without time) , it can be
divided into:
– Three Lettered
– Four Lettered
– Five and Six Lettered
2.Derived –These are derived words from other word such as from the
Abstract Concrete or MASDAR, and this could be SIFAH
‫(صفة‬description) or MAWSOOF ‫(موصوف‬described one)
MOHAMMAD ALHAAMID = MOHAMMAD the praiser (one who
praises)
Is Derived from the MADSAR HAMDAN (a praise),
HAMADA (past tense –he praised) HAMDAN (MASDAR-a praise) , that
means He praised a praise
10-12 Derivable / Non Derivable
• The derived noun can be dualed or pluralized , minimized or suffixed
with relative YAA.
• ‫ مدني‬, ‫ مدينة‬,‫مدن‬,‫ مدينتان‬, ‫مدينة‬
• City (MADENA), two cities (MADEENATAAN), cities (MODON), small
city (MODAYNA), the one from the city (MADANYE)
‫‪10-12 Non Derivable‬‬
‫‪are divide into the following six types:‬‬
‫غير متصرف‬
‫اسم االستفهام‬
‫‪interrogative noun‬‬
‫أمثلة‬
‫من‪who‬‬
‫اسم الشرط‬
‫‪Conditional noun‬‬
‫مهما ‪what ever‬‬
‫الضمائر ‪pronoun‬‬
‫هو ‪ ،‬أنت ‪ ،‬هي ‪ ،‬هن ‪ ...‬الخ ‪.‬‬
‫األسماء الموصولة‬
‫‪Relative noun‬‬
‫مريم ‪ ،‬واللذان شاركا في‬
‫التي سافرت‬
‫ُ‬
‫صبَ َر ‪.‬‬
‫ج َ‬
‫من َ‬
‫ح َ‬
‫السباق أخوان ‪ ،‬ونَ َ‬
‫أسماء اإلشارة‬
‫‪Demonstrative noun‬‬
‫هذه بضاعة ‪،.‬‬
‫م‪.‬‬
‫هذا ظُل ٌ‬
‫الظرف‬
‫بين‬
12-Masdar / Derivable Nouns
Abstract Infinitive (Masdar) or Derivable– They are the infinitive
of the word. They are called abstract because they are defined
as the basic form of the verb without tense.
1. A noun without time. It is the root of the verb.
2. Adal ‫( َعد ٌل‬justice)
Example of Derived from Infinitive QIYAAM (the standing):
Qaama -stood ‫قام‬, Yaqoom –standing ‫ يقوم‬, Qom -stand
up (All Derivable for Standing) ‫قم‬
12-Types of Masdar
Type of Masdar with respect to the verb derived
from it
1.Tri-Lettered Verb
2.Four Letter
3.Five and Six Letter Verb
Types of Masdar
Tri-Lettered Verb - There are 5 Forms that are
most known
1. Profession -Fe Aa Lah ‫ فِعالة‬- SINAA’AH – Industry,
TIJAARAH business, ZIRAAH agriculture
2. Disturbance-Fa Alaan ‫ َف َعالن‬- GHALYAAN – Boiling
3. Color-FuAlah ‫ فُعلة‬- KHODHRAH / HUMRAH
4. Disease or Sound -FuAal ‫ فُعال‬ BUKAA’A (Cry)
ZUKAAM (Common Cold)
5. Resistance to an action-FeAaLon ‫عال‬
ِ ‫ َف‬
E’ETABOON (Blame), E’QAAB (punishment)
Types of Masdar
Tri-Lettered Verb – Other forms
1. Fa’lun‫ فعل‬ Sam’Aun ‫(سمع‬hearing)
2.
 Dharbun ‫(ضرب‬A Hit)
3.
 Mun’aun ‫(منع‬Prohibition)