Kingdom Protista
Animal-like Protists
Introduction
Protozoa
(the animal-like
protists) are the most
abundant organisms in the
world in terms of numbers
and biomass
Protozoa are also called
zooplanton
Introduction
Their
principle importance is
as consumers of bacteria
They are also often sources
of food. For example, baleen
whales live on nothing but
small protists (zooplankton
and phytoplankton)
Introduction
They
are also important as
parasites and symbionts of
multicellular animals
Introduction
They
are defined as singlecelled, aquatic, eukaryotic
organisms that exhibit
diverse motility mechanisms
Introduction
Protozoa
may be
heterotrophic or autotrophic
Phylum Sarcodina
Example:
Amoeba
Sarcodina: Characteristics
Blobby
shape
Cytoplasm has ectoplasm &
endoplasm
Pseudopodia
Change shape all the time
Contractile vacuole
Sarcodina: Movement
Cytoplasmic
streaming
Pseudopodia
Sarcodina: Nutrition/Food
Heterotrophic
Eat
Bacteria, organic debris,
other protists
Sarcodina:
Response/Senstivity
Move
away from light—
Called an avoidance reaction
(They will dehydrate quickly
if they stay in light)
Sarcodina: Reproduction
Divide
asexually by mitosis
Sarcodina:
Environment/Economic
Importance
Recyclers
1st
or 2nd consumer in the
aquatic food chains
Cause disease (dysentery)
Eat bacteria
Sarcodina: Diagram
Phylum:
Zoomastogina
Examples:
Leishmania
Trichomonas
Phylum:
Zoomastogina
Movement:
1 to 4 whip-like flagella
Nutrition/Feeding:
Bacteria; other protists;
organic debris
Phylum:
Zoomastogina
Response/Sensitivity:
None Known
Reproduction/Life Cycle:
Asexual by mitosis
Phylum:
Zoomastogina
Environmental/Economic
Importance:
Many are disease-causing
Phylum:
Zoomastogina
Diagram
Phylum Ciliophora
Examples:
Paramecium
Ciliophora: Unique
Characteristics
Cilia
all over or in
distinct regions
2 nuclei
Contractile
vacuole to control
water balance
Paramecium Humor
Ciliophora: Movement
Rhythmic
beating of cilia
causes somersaults or
rotating motions
Ciliophora: Nutrition/Food
All
heterotrophic
Eat Bacteria, organic debris,
other protists
Cilia sweep food particles
into oral groove; food enters
mouth pore and makes a
food vacuole
Ciliophora:
Response/Sensitivity
Avoidance
Reaction
respond to light, chemicals,
and/or temperature changes
Trichocysts for defense—
harpoon-like for stinging
Ciliophora:
Reproduction/Life Cycle
Asexual
by mitosis
 Sexual—recombination of
DNA by
conjugation
(see details
in your book)
Ciliophora: Environmental/
Economic Importance
Recyclers
of nutrients
Cleaners
1st
or 2nd consumers in
aquatic food chains
Ciliophora: Diagram
Phylum: Sporozoa
Examples:
Plasmodium
(causes malaria)
Sporozoa: Unique
Characteristics
All
parasitic
All disease-causing
Sporozoa: Movement
None
“Go
with the flow”
Move with blood or saliva of
host organism
Sporozoa: Nutrition/Food
Feed
on blood of Host
Heterotrophic
Sporozoa:
Response/Sensitivity
None—nothing
needed since
it is parasitic and is always
inside of a host organism.
Sporozoa:
Reproduction/Life Cycle
Complex
Life cycle involving
2 or more hosts
2 part life cycle
1
part sexual
1 part asexual
Sporozoa: Environmental/
Economic Importance
 Diseases
are expensive to cure and
prevent
 “Idol Gives
Back” buys
mosquito
netting
to help poor
areas where
malaria exists
Sporozoa-Diagram
 No
diagram because they are
too small to see in detail, even
with an electron microscope
 Instead, be familiar with the life
cycle (see diagram in your note
sheet; use your book or last
slide to fill in blanks)
Sporozoa
Here is a
picture of
malaria
infected
blood cells.
Sporozoa--life cycle of Plasmodium,
the causative agent of malaria