By: Robert Morin
&
Angel Poltorak

Soccer is the most unprotected contact sport which makes an ankle injury very likely.

4 types of ankle injuries :
• Sprain-
Picture
, Causes
,
Fix it ,
Symptoms
• Ankle Fracture-
Picture ,
Causes ,
Fix it
, Symptoms
• Contusion-
Picture ,
Causes ,
Fix it
, Symptoms
• Bibliography

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3 types of Ankle injuries:
 Inversion injury -the most common cause of an ankle sprain. It is caused by the foot rolling towards the inside of your legs.
 Eversion injury- Less commonly, the foot rolls outward and your ankle goes towards the inside of your legs.
 High ankle sprain - the least common. It can happen when the foot is forced to rotate toward the outside
(away from the other foot), or when the foot is planted so it can't move and the leg is rotated toward the inside.
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Protection. Use a protective brace along with a compression wrap for the first 24 to 36 hours.
Rest. Use crutches until walking is not painful without them.
Ice. For the first 48 to 72 hours or until swelling goes down, apply an ice pack for 10 to 20 minutes every 1 to 2 hours during the day.
NSAIDs. Use some sort of pain relief medicine (Ibuprofen).
Compression. An elastic compression wrap will help decrease swelling and should be worn for the first 24 to 36 hours.
Elevation. Raise your ankle above the level of your heart for 2 to 3 hours a day if possible to decrease swelling and bruising.
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 Symptoms of an ankle sprain are:
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 Ankle pain, which can be mild to severe.
 Swelling.
 A popping sound when the injury happened.
 Having trouble moving the ankle.
 Bruising.
 Instability of the ankle (in severe sprains).
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 When you stress an ankle joint beyond the strength of its elements, you injure the joint.
 If a bone gives way and breaks, you have an ankle fracture.
 Fractures can occur with simultaneous tears of the ligaments. You can do this in several ways:
 Rolling the ankle in or out
 Twisting the ankle side to side
 Extreme flexing or extending of the joint
 Severe force applied to the joint by coming straight down on it as in jumping from a high level
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See your Athletic Trainer or Orthopedic Doctor if fracture signs and symptoms are present
Doctors usually splint/ cast the fractured area above and below the joint for 4-6 weeks
If your bones are not aligned properly, the doctor may realign them before placing the fracture in a splint/ cast
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If the bones cannot be realigned properly you may have to have an operation to do so.
An operation will also be needed if any bone has broken through the skin.
Stress fractures of the foot are usually managed with a walking boot and restricted activity
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 The signs of a sprain and the signs of a fracture are very similar. This is why a trained medical professional should evaluate the injured ankle as soon as possible.
 The signs include:
 Pain, often sudden and severe
 Swelling
 Bruising
 Inability to walk or bear weight on the injured joint
 Hearing a “crack” or “pop”
 Deformity or “drop-off” of bone
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 Bruises develop when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, blood then leaks into tissues under the skin and causes the black-and-blue color.
 The most common mechanism in obtaining a contusion(bruise) is by coming in contact with something that has enough impact force to tear or cause a blood vessel to leak.
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 Bruising is a very obvious and easy thing to spot it is when the skin turns into a darkish blue or purple and is very sensitive touch may hurt when touched
 See your Athletic Trainer for full evaluation
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 R est. Rest and protect the injured or sore area.
 I ce. Cold will reduce pain and swelling. Apply an ice or cold pack immediately to prevent or minimize swelling. Apply the ice or cold pack for 10 to 20 minutes, 3 or more times a day.
 C ompression. Compression will help decrease swelling.
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 E levation. Elevate the injured area. Try to keep the area at or above the level of your heart to help minimize swelling.
Continue with normal exercise activity and stretching
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 http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/types-of-ankle-sprains http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ankle-sprain-cause http://www.usafoot.com/ANKSPRAIN.jpg
http://footcarexpress.com/foot-orthotics/wpcontent/uploads/2008/12/ankle.jpg
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ankle-sprains http://www.sports-injury-info.com/images/ankle-fracture-torn-ligamentor-other-type-of-injury-21312628.jpg
http://images.conquestchronicles.com/images/admin/ankle_fracture_bim alleolar_fx_orif.jpg
http://firstaid.webmd.com/ankle-fracture-treatment http://farm1.static.flickr.com/22/41323531_6d6738a5b8.jpg
http://firstaid.webmd.com/tc/bruises-and-blood-spots-under-the-skintopic-overview http://firstaid.webmd.com/tc/rest-ice-compression-and-elevation-ricetopic-overview