Devar
1861-1865
22.3 Bull Run: A Great Awakening



Why were many Northerners surprised at
the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run?
Northerners expected a quick victory & an
early end to the war.
Instead, the Confederates defeated the
Union troops & drove them back to
Washington.
Stonewall Jackson
 Victory
at Bull Run
Bull Run Creek
22.3 Bull Run: A Great Awakening



How did women participate in the Civil
War?
Women ran farms & business, worked in
factories, & became teachers &
government workers.
They also served in the military as nurses,
messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers,
soldiers, & spies.
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair
What was important about the Battle of
Antietam?
 Robert E. Lee hoped that a victory at
Antietam would convince Maryland to join
the Confederacy & encourage European
nation to support the South.


Lee’s defeat at Antietam prevented him
from accomplishing these objectives.
Robert E. Lee
 Confederate
General
Soldiers
Soldiers
Hot Air
Balloon
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair


What hardships did Civil War soldiers face in
combat?
Death tolls were staggeringly high.

Rifles, cannons, & artillery made it easy to kill
from a distance.

Inadequate medical attention meant soldiers
frequently died from their wounds.

Diseases also spread throughout the camps,
killing huge #’s of soldiers.
Beds of Injured Soldiers
Surgical Room
Emancipation Proclamation




On January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation.
This order declared slaves in all
Confederate States were to be free.
Confederate states ignored the order.
The Emancipation Proclamation changed
the war into a crusade for freedom.
Abraham Lincoln
 Issued
the
Emancipation
Proclamation on
January 1, 1863.
22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point



Why was the Battle of Gettysburg
considered a turning point in the Civil
War?
Lee, who hoped a victory in this northern
city would convince the Union to ask for
peace. Instead he lost 1/3 of his army
during the battle.
Afterward, he withdrew to Virginia &
conducted only a defensive war on
southern soil.
22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point



What problems developed on the Union
home front during the war?
On the home front, “Copperheads”
opposed the war, believing peace was
more important than preserving the
Union.
Other opponents were sympathetic to the
Confederate cause. The draft forced men
to fight in the war, and riots broke out as
some of them protested.
22.6 Vicksburg: A Besieged City
 Why
was the Union victory at
Vicksburg important?
 The
Union victory at Vicksburg
meant that the Union controlled
traffic on the Mississippi River, & that
the South was divided.
Ulysses S. Grant
 Union
General
&
Future President of
the United States.
22.6 Vicksburg: A besieged City



What problems developed on the Confederate home front during the war?
Bombing & raids forced people to seek protection
in hillside caves.
B/C of the Union blockade on Southern ports,
imported goods disappeared (were stolen) from
stores.

Invading Union forces cut RR lines & destroyed
crops. (A.K.A. TOTAL WAR)

Clothing wore out & had to be patched & repaired
rather than being replaced.
22.7 Fort Wagener: African
Americans Join the War

What was important about the actions of
the Massachusetts 54th at Fort Wagner?

The 54th was an all African American
regiment who fought during the war.

Although the Massachusetts 54th was
forced to stop their attack on Fort Wagner
after losing almost ½ their men, the
bravery of these African American soldiers
won the respect of other Union soldiers.
22.7 Fort Wagner: African
Americans Join the War
 How
did African Americans contribute
to the Union war effort?
 African American regiments fought
nearly 500 battles.
 Although
poorly trained, equipped,
and paid, they fought with great
courage.
William H. Carney
 First
African
American to be
awarded the medal
of Honor.
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings
an End
What is meant by “total war”? What did
the Union army do during their campaign
to total war?
 “Total War” meant war on the enemy’s will
to fight & ability to support an army.


Union soldiers destroyed RR lines &
everything of value.

Houses were robbed, crops burned, &
livestock killed.
William T. Sherman
 Union
General who
used Total War as
a tactic to win the
Civil War.
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings
an End
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
What terms did Grant offer Lee when he
surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse?
Confederate troops could go home if they
promised to stop fighting.
They were allowed to keep their horses & mules,
which would be needed for spring planting.

Officers would keep their swords & weapons.

Grant ordered that food be sent to Lee’s army.
The Courthouse
Lee’s Surrender @ Appomattox