TRAINING FOR
PEACE OPERATIONS
TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
“PEACEKEEPING IS NOT A JOB FOR
SOLDIERS…BUT ONLY SOLDIERS CAN
DO IT.”
TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
• Fifty years of peacekeeping experience by the
United Nations
But
• Lesson learned from review of peacekeeping in
Brahimi Report in 2000 and New Horizons in
2009 have refined UN peacekeeping.
– “One major weakness of forces operating there is
poorly equipped and trained soldiers.”
Lessons Learned report from Sierra Leone
TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
• Many facets of normal military training
and skills apply to peace operations
HOWEVER
– Peace operations require training in selected
special skills, and
– An adjustment of attitude
and approach to tasks
PEACE OPERATIONS DOCTRINE
“Fundamental principles, practices and procedures that
guide the military component of UN mandated
operations.”
“Such military doctrine provides a body of thought that will guide
a common approach by member states in their preparation for un
peacekeeping activities. The desired result is a consistency that
enhances collective effectiveness and develops confidence between
troop contributors when operating together in the field in support
of those mandated UN objectives.”
FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINAL PRINCIPLES FOR
PEACE OPERATIONS
Principles of peace
Principles of war (US)
operations (UN)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mass
Maneuver
Offensive
Objective
Unity of command
Simplicity
Security
Economy of effort
Surprise
• Legitimacy
• Perseverance
• Restraint
• Consent of Parties
• Impartiality
• Non-use of force – except in
self-defense and defense of
mission
• Legitimacy
• Credibility
• National/local ownership
Objective
Simplicity
Security
TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
Doctrine and training are dynamic
• Methods and practices of conducting peace operations must be
adaptive:
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–
–
–
New environment
New procedures
New technology
New training
methodologies & devices
– Lessons learned
Core Pre-Deployment Training
• Varies by role of UN peacekeeper and
specific mission
–
–
–
–
–
Observer
Formed military unit
Staff officer
Police
Civilian
9
MILITARY TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
HOLISTIC APPROACH
– Training
• Individual
• Military unit
– Education
• Special skills
• Leader development
– Training support
• Doctrine, tactics, techniques &
procedures
• Facilities
• Qualified instructors
UN TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
UN Charter
UN Systems
Code of Conduct
Fundamentals of Peacekeeping
Code of Conduct
History and evolution of Peacekeeping
UN MISSION TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
• Chapter VI and VII operational and
tactical level training
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Cultural and historical awareness
Use of force
Rules of Engagement
Refugees and displaced persons
Civil affairs and language
Communications, command structure and logistics
Dealing with the UN, NGO’s and regional organizations
Public affairs
Precautionary medical
Tactical training in operations
Information (intelligence) gathering
TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
• Training for Peace Operations is a national
responsibility
• United Nations provides training support
– Policy Evaluation and Training (PET) Division
provides training guidance and certification.
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•
•
•
Training publications & materials
Training assistance
Training information data base
Certification of training
National Peacekeeping
Training Centers
CAECOPAZ
Argentina
KAIPTC
Ghana
• Over 50 countries have national peacekeeping
training centers
• Some of the more established institutions include:
Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Ghana, Kenya, India,
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil
and Chile
• International Association of Peacekeeping Training
Centers (http://www.iaptc.org/)
SWEDINT
Sweden
SADC RPTC
South Africa
PEACEKEEPING INFORMATION
DATA BASE
• Wide array of information on peacekeeping training
world-wide
– Sharing of information
• Information available on training in all 190 member
states
• Some information on training from 88 troop
contributing countries
• Specific information from
63 countries about their
training activities
• Some specific training course
material
OTHER PEACEKEEPING EDUCATION
AND TRAINING RESOURCES
• Self-funded, not-for-profit organisation
focused on peacekeeping training
• Has provided self-paced, distance
training in PSO since 1995
• 103,373 enrolments; active students
body of 31,100; 164 nations represented
• 23 courses in four languages
Courses offered
An Introduction to the UN System
Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC)
Commanding UN Peacekeeping Operations
Humanitarian Relief Ops
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
Ethics in Peacekeeping
Gender Perspectives
History of Peacekeeping 1945–87
History of Peacekeeping 1988–96
Human Rights and Peacekeeping
History of Peacekeeping 1997–2006
Courses offered (continued)
Implementation of SCR 1325 (2000) in Africa
Human Rights
Implementation of SCR 1325 (2000) in LAC
International Humanitarian Law
Logistical Support to UN Peacekeeping Operations
Operational Logistical Support
Advanced Topics in United Nations Logistics
Mine Action
Peacekeeping and International Conflict Resolution
Preventing Violence Against Women
Principles and Guidelines
United Nations Military Observers
United Nations Police
Mission Status: 2/3 of POTI’s students have served on a peacekeeping
mission
Current Students: Please indicate your
mission status-check all that apply
1%
13%
32%
9%
66%
I have previously
completed serving
on a mission.
I am currently
serving on a
mission.
I will be serving
on a mission.
I hope to serve on
a mission in the
future.
I do not plan to
serve on a mission.
Graduates: Have you served on a
Peace Support Operation since
completing your course with the Peace
Operations Training Institute (the
Institute)?
39%
61%
Yes
No
“The Special Committee (on Peacekeeping,
C34) welcomes the free and multilingual
delivery of e-learning courses on peacekeeping
provided by the Peace Operations Training
Institute, and encourages Member States to
support, including through the provision of
voluntary financial contributions, the creation
of additional courses.”
United Nations Special Committee on Peacekeeping
Operations (C-34). Its official recommendations for
2011, appearing in UN document A/65/19
UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR
TRAINING AND RESEARCH (UNITAR)
• Self-paced correspondence courses and
classroom courses
– Each course contains all needed materials
– Courses range from 4-16 lessons
– Each lesson contains learning objectives,
study material, and self-scoring quiz
– End of course examination submitted for
grading to UNITAR
UNITAR
CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
• Representative courses
– United Nations military observer: methods
and techniques
– Security measures for United Nations
peacekeepers
– Logistical support
– Demining
Method to Set-up Training
on UN Peacekeeping
• Contact your military advisor in New
York
• Review and prepare lessons in
accordance with UN standards
• Ask for certification of training by the
UN
• Send personnel to other nations’ training
centers
UN TRAINING ASSISTANCE
• Provided by United Nations training assistance
team(s) (UNTAT)
– On-call experts
• Pre-selected
• Pre-trained
– “Train the trainers”
– Coordinated through DPKO
– Specific type training based on consultation between
DPKO & member state’s permanent mission to UN
TYPES OF UN TRAINING ASSISTANCE
• Assistance to national and regional
peacekeeping training centers
• Pre-mission training for specific missions
• Training assistance to established mission
• Monitor & assist in-mission training
UN TRAINING SUPPORT INITIATIVES
• Establishment of in-mission training cells in
established missions
• Movement for standardization and evaluation in
peace operations training
– Standardized peacekeeping training guidelines
– Assessment criteria
• Focus change from “train the trainer” to assisting
established regional and national training centers
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
PEACEKEEPING TRAINING CENTERS
(IAPTC)
• Facilitates communication and exchange of
information among people responsible for PK
• Promotes/advertises well-tested practices
• Provides information to PK countries which
lack PK training centers
– Goal: To establish an information exchange that
allows PK Training Centers to minimize duplication
in their efforts, share workload and promote
common standards.
http://vodpod.com/watch/1212932-courage-for-peace-peacekeeping
PEACE OPERATIONS TRAINING
SUMMARY
• PK training remains a national responsibility
• UN DPKO Policy, Evaluation and Training
Division is the focal point for training
assistance
– UNTAT
– Publications & other materials
– Maintains electronic data base