Chapter Issue:
To what extent can nationalism lead to
ultranationalism?
How Have People Responded to
Ultranationalism?
 Ultranationalism infects all aspects of a country’s life:
 Social
 Economic
 Cultural
 Spiritual
 Ultranationalists …
 prey on people’s fears, and,
 Use propaganda to spread hatred
Appeasement as a Response to
Ultranationalism
 After WW I and Great Depression people wanted
peace … no more war.
 Appeasement means …
 ‘Giving into the demands’,

i.e., Adolph Hitler and Nazis
 Since 1935,Germany expanding territory
 1938 PM’s in UK, Italy, France concerned and met with
Hitler
 Wanted to discuss Germany's takeovers
Appeasement as a Response to
Ultranationalism
 Agreement/Appeasement …
 If Hitler stopped there, no more takeovers, then PM’s
would not contest takeover in Czech.
 Appeasement not in favor of all, i.e., UK’s Churchill
 Germany continues its takeovers
 Appeasement failed!
Failure of League of Nations
 This group created after WWI
 58 countries, including Canada, UK, France, etc
 Based on three principles



Order aggressor to leave
Impose trade sanctions, penalties
Use military force
 Problem with L o N was member countries not required
to provide troops
 Japan/China example
Ethiopia
 Another example of L o N failure
 Italy wanted this territory
 Mussolini fought with allies for support, thus wanted
Ethiopia as a reward for support


Broken deal!
Invaded Ethiopia
 Haile Selasse, Emperor of Ethiopia, asked League for
help



League called for trade sanctions, but it failed
UK and France afraid to enforce sanctions because Mussolini
might split with allies and join Germany and Japan
Ethiopia got no support
War as a Response to
Ultranationalism
 Appeasement not working
 UK, France declare war, Canada joins
 PM appeals to Canadians …


Read page 151, PM’s quote
Was it a form of propaganda?
Total War
 Canada’s national interest was the war effort!
 Germany was seen as the ‘evil enemy’
 Fighting for freedom of Mankind
 Propaganda campaigns to raise $$ to support war
 Restrictions on employers
 Official censorship on …
 Speeches for radio,
 newspaper articles
 Military read letters of soldiers to family members
 Revealing information was blacked out
Conscription in Canada
 Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union believed in
compulsory service or conscription to military
 Conscription was not limited to dictatorships
 In Canada, this created friction between English and
French
 Riots and protests in Montreal, Quebec City against
forced military service
Internment in Canada
 WWI saw Canada caught up in racism and extreme
nationalism
 Canadians of German, Italian, Japanese decent were
targets and discriminated against
 Japanese most severely affected


1942, Japanese Canadians in western Canada rounded up and
transported to internment camps in BC or on prairie farms
Gov. seized Japanese homes, property, businesses and sold
them, used $$ to pay for keep of people in camps
Peacekeeping
 United Nations (UN) following WWII
 1956 Suez Canal crises
 Linking the Red Sea with Mediterranean Sea
 Fees collected for use, profits went to companies


In 1956, Egypt seizes control
Response? Israeli, British and French forces invade canal zone
 Lester Pearson, PM Canada, proposed idea of
peacekeepers while diplomacy looked for a settlement

Welcome idea and UN agreed to send peacekeeping forces
Peacekeeping
 Canadian government believed in a peaceful world
 It was a national interest
 Participating in peacekeeping missions is important part
of Canada's foreign policy
 Lester B Pearson wins the Nobel Peace in 1957 for his
work and efforts.
Conclusion
 Write a 2-paragraph response to this question
 Should peacekeeping forces carry guns?
 Agree and disagree with the argument
 Text page 154.