AMERICA BUILDS AN
EMPIRE/EXPANSIONISM
1850-1915
Warm up: Define in your notes…
Nationalism
isolationism
Manifest Destiny
*Slides and info
*Do questions ch. 10 sec 1
*Map Activity
(4) History. Emergence of the United States as a world
power between 1898 and 1920
(A) Explain why significant events, policies, and
individuals such as the Spanish-American War, U.S.
expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred Thayer Mahan,
Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford Dole, and missionaries
moved the United States into the position of a world
power
*Warm up: Define in your
notes…
Nationalism
isolationism
Manifest Destiny
To acquire the essential academic language of this lesson:
1. Explain: Describe the word in student friendly language and
provide examples.
2. Restate: Students define term and record it in a notebook
using their own words.
3. Show: Students draw pictures, symbols, or graphic
representations.
Concepts:
expansionism
imperialism
IMPERIALISM
 Powerful nations take
and maintain control or
influence over weaker
ones.
 In what ways can a nation
control another one?
 European Imperialism
 Rapid takeover of territory
in Africa and Asia in late
19 th century
1880
1887
WHY IMPERIALISM GREW IN THE LATE
19 TH CENTURY IN EUROPE
Economic factors: Growth of industry in
Europe created need for natural
resources (rubber, petroleum).
Industrialized nations also needed
places to sell manufactured goods.
Nationalism: Means devotion to ones
nation and the people believe in
themselves, their ideals and their goals
to be superior to other countries.
WHY IMPERIALISM GREW IN THE LATE
19 TH CENTURY IN EUROPE
Military factors: Advances in military
technology produced European armies
and navies that were far superior to
those in Africa and Asia.
Humanitarian factors: Some doctors
and missionaries believed they had
duty to spread the blessings of
Western civilization
ARGUMENTS FOR U.S. EXPANSION
Promote economic growth: U.S. was an
industrialized country, but Americans
could not alone could not consume
everything produced, leading to
financial panics and depressions and
the need for new markets abroad.
American security: The U.S. became
one of the most powerful navies in the
world, suggesting it was willing and
able to confront anyone on the open
sea .
Economic – increased military spending
led to more taxes and possible
mandatory service. Also possible job
competition (cheap labor) from
immigrants. And there were no tariffs
on imports from annexed countries,
which would hurt many American
industries
Social Darwinism: They thought they
were superior to the countries they
conquered, much like arguments with
Native Americans.
Preserving American spirit with a
“New Frontier”: Some, like
Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot
Lodge, felt that a quest for an empire
might restore the country’s pioneer
spirit.
AMERICAN IMPERIALISM
 Reasons
 Raw materials and
markets
 Military
 Admiral Alfred Thayer
Mahan
 The Influence of Sea Power
on History (1890)
 Nationalism
 People wanted a great,
powerful nation; Europe
was doing it.
 Anglo-Saxon superiority
 Spread American ideals
 Christian missionaries
AMERICAN ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
 Formed in 1898
 Included Andrew
Carnegie, Mark Twain,
and Samuel Gompers
 Opposed acquisition of
colonies
 Violated democratic
principles of selfgovernment
AMERICA AND EAST ASIA
CHINA
 “Open Door” Policy
 Secretary of State John Hay
 Equal trading rights to all
foreign nations
 Boxer Rebellion
 Chinese opposed to Western
influence
 International army,
including U.S., crushed the
revolt
JAPAN
 Trade with U.S.
beginning in 1850s
 First Asian country to
industrialize
 Imperialist policies
 Defeated China, 1894
 Russo-Japanese War
 Theodore Roosevelt
negotiates peace
settlement
 Wins Nobel Peace Prize
AMERICA IN THE PACIFIC
What were the motivations for American
expansion in the Pacific?
THE PHILIPPINES
 Acquired from Spain
 Annexed as territory,
1898
 American-Filipino War
 Filipinos wanted
independence
 3-year war left tens of
thousands dead
 Remained U.S.
territory until 1946
HAWAII
 Queen Liliuokalani
 Tried to take power back
from American landowners
 Sanford B. Dole
 Led overthrow of queen
 Became governor of Hawaii
 Annexed as territory in
1898
OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDS
 Guam, 1898
 Acquired from
Spain
 Samoa and
Midway
 Naval bases
 Refueling
stations for ships
traveling to Asia.
AMERICA IN THE
CARIBBEAN
Analyze the causes of the Spanish - American
War and reason for U.S. Interest in the
Caribbean.
U.S. INTEREST IN THE CARIBBEAN
 U.S. security
 Keep foreign powers
out of region
 Economic interests
 American business
investments
 Need for a canal
 U.S. wanted to link
Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans.
ACTIVITY
Students will create an annotated
world map depicting U.S. territorial
expansion, including the dates and
circumstances by which each
territory was acquired.
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Do p. 356
1) Why did imperialism grow in Europe at the end of the 1800’s?
2) How did the us apply the Monroe doctrine to its foreign policy
throughout the 1800’s?
3)Why did us policymakers feel the need to secure new
markets abroad?
4)Why did some believe that us expansion was needed to preserve
the american spirit?
5) What effect did the growth of european imperialism
have on us attitudes toward foreign policy and expansion?
6) Beginning with the louisiana purchase, write a chronological list
tracing specific examples of american expansionism before 1880.
Day two begins here
:
Foreign Policy for a World Power, 1890-1914 (Discussion
Questions)
Military power is clearly a "big stick." What other kinds of
power or influence might be "big sticks" the United States
uses to influence other countries?
Theodore Roosevelt believed the United States could and
should be a police officer keeping order in the
hemisphere. Was that a good idea in his time? Is it a
good idea today? Explain your answer.
William Howard Taft liked being the chief justice of the
U.S. Supreme Court better than he liked being president.
Which would you like better and why?
[POSSIBLE ANSWERS: 1. Foreign aid might be a big stick, since
some countries are dependent on U.S. foreign aid. Trade might also
be a big stick, with free trade agreements like NAFTA. U.S.
investment could also be a big stick, since the United States is rich,
and poor countries need investments and jobs. 2. The United States
has no right to interfere in other countries' internal affairs. This was
a bad idea in Roosevelt's time, and it remains a bad idea today.
Acting like a police officer is not much different from acting like a
bully, telling other countries that they have to do things our way or
else. U.S. involvement in other countries' affairs has been for the
purpose of protecting business interests but hasn't led to much
peace or stability. 3. I would like being president, because the
president has a wider scope of activities. He can push Congress to
make laws and appeal to the people to support his policies. He gets
to meet with world leaders and influence world events. The Supreme
Court decides only the cases that come to it and doesn't make new
policy or laws. Of course, being on the Supreme Court is a life-long
job, so you would have more time to exercise power, and you
wouldn't have to worry about elections. ]
ACTIVITY
Drawing the Big Stick
Political cartoons offer insight on political
events.
They also express the cartoonist's point of
view.
President Theodore Roosevelt
Now view the "More Trouble for the
International Policeman" cartoon, and
complete the following:
Who are the characters portrayed in the
cartoon?
Which of them is the dominant actor?
Does the cartoonist have a favorable or
unfavorable opinion of each actor? Explain how
you can tell
Write an alternative caption (title) for the
cartoon.
Now we are going to look at
political cartoon slides. Pass out
the worksheet.
Answer the following questions
after looking at each of the
political cartoons…
Handout questions below if we have copies
American Imperialism Cartoons Worksheet
1) List all the characters you see in this
cartoon.
2) What are the symbols used in this cartoon?
What do they represent
3) Describe the action taking place in this
cartoon.
4) Explain the cartoon’s message. How effective
is the artist in portraying this message?
5) Was this cartoon draw by an American or
foreign artist? What leads you to believe so?
FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA
 Theodore Roosevelt
 Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
 Big Stick Policy (Diplomacy)
 U.S. would act as
international police power
 Intervention in Latin
America became common
 William H. Taft
 Dollar Diplomacy
 Promoted American
investment in Latin America
 Woodrow Wilson
 Sent troops to chase Pancho
Villa in Mexico
ROOSEVELT
Roosevelt also mediated a
peace agreement to the RussoJapanese War, which won him
the Nobel Peace Prize.
Activity: We will analyze the Monroe
Doctrine and the “Big Stick Policy”.
Make a T chart and write down 10 facts
about each one and write a
Summary paragraph to follow that sums
up each policy.
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
Main goals were to maintain the Open
Door to China and keep stability in
Latin America
Wanted to “trade dollars for bullets”,
meaning maintaining orderly societies
abroad through increased American
investment in foreign economies.
This became known as Dollar
Diplomacy.
WOODROW WILSON
The Mexican
Revolution 1910
Americans had
invested $1 Billion
in Mexico
Pancho Villa
U.S. military pursuit
of Villa
U.S. enters World
War I
In groups, students will create a chart
with symbols for each reason for
expansion and write a brief
explanation of each symbol’s meaning.
Have students classify these reasons
for expansion as either: economic,
social, and political.
We will refer to the jerret book and text book
for the reinforcement activities.
The End