Chapter 2
Personality
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Ability
Learning
Personality =
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Personality is defined as the sum
total of ways that an individual
reacts and interacts with others.
Its an individual’s characteristic pattern
of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Set of traits and characteristics that
form a pattern distinguishing one
person from all the others
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
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We are often told to “be yourself.”
When in a leadership role, “Be
yourself” may be the worst advice you
can give some people.
T. Masson
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
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Where does one’s personality come from?
 Heredity – Some set the parameters at birth.
Some say as much as 40-50 percent.
 Environment – Culture conditions, norms,
church, family, friends, social groups.
 Attitude - is a portion of personality and is
Situational
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Different situations will influence behavior.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality Formation (onion)
Early Childhood
Environment
Life
Environments
Core
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
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Type A personality:
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seem to always be moving.
* usually walk and eat rapidly.
are always trying to do several things at once.
have problems relaxing, often feeling it is time
wasted.
are often obsessed with numbers and with
trying to acquire things.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
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Type B people:
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never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience.
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feel no need to display or discuss either their
achievements or accomplishments unless such
exposure is demanded by the situation.
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plan for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit
their superiority at any cost.
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can relax without guilt.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Other Personality Descriptors
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* Self-Monitoring
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Internal and external locus of control.
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* Internal Locus - the perception that one controls one’s
own fate (Cope effectively with stress)
External Locus - the perception that chance or outside
forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s
fate
Self-Esteem
Use of Myers-Briggs or Jungian 16Type Indicators
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Myers-Briggs (Jung Type Indicators)
Extraversion
Introversion
Sociable, chooses people as a source
of energy, need for sociability
Prefers solitude to recover
energy,
territorial, “alone” when surrounded
by people
Intuition
Sensation
Innovative, visionary, lines metaphors,
daydreams
Practical, wants facts,
remembers facts, down to earth,
remain in reality
Thinking
Feeling
Impersonal basis of choice,
objective and logical
* Personal basis of choice,
emotion-laden decisions
Sympathetic, appreciative
Judging
Perceiving
Closure, establish deadlines
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Open and Fluid, ignores deadlines
Types of Ability
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** What is “Ability?”
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An individual’s capacity to perform the various
tasks in a job.
Ability is divided into intellectual and physical
ability.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Intellectual Abilities
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Intellectual Abilities – Those
abilities required to do mental
activities such as verbal
comprehension, inductive and
deductive reasoning, spatial
visualization, memory and number
aptitude.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Physical Abilities
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Physical Abilities – Those abilities
required to do tasks demanding
stamina, dexterity, strength, and
similar characteristics.
The Ability-Job Fit – An employee’s
performance is enhanced when there
is a high ability-job fit.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning
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* Learning is defined as any
relatively permanent change in
behavior that occurs as a result
of experience.
Learning involves changing
behaviors. How do we as
leaders bring about change?
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Three Theories of Learning
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Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Learning
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Classical conditioning – An
individual responds to some
stimulus that would not usually
produce such a response.
http://www.spike.com/video/office-jimtrains/2820493
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** Operant conditioning – A
type of conditioning in which a
desired voluntary behavior leads to
a reward or prevents punishment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Social Learning
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Social learning is learning
through experience, i.e., peer
pressure.
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Much of the behavior in the
classroom is a result of social
learning, i.e., a student raises his
hand to be recognized.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Four Learning Styles
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Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Bodily – Kinesthetic
Visual – Spatial
Verbal – Linguistic
Logical – Mathematical
Learning Styles
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Bodily – Kinesthetic
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Study in a group.
Think in practical uses.
Pace and recite while learning.
Act out material.
Use flash cards.
Teach the material.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
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Visual – Spatial
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Add diagrams to notes.
Organize notes in outline form.
Connect related facts in notes.
Color-code notes using different colored
highlighters.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
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Verbal – Linguistic
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Talk about what you learn.
Read the textbook and highlight no more
than 10 percent.
Rewrite your notes.
Outline chapters.
Recite information.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
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Logical – Mathematical
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Study in a quiet setting.
When reading, stop periodically to reflect
on what you have read.
Study applications, causes and effects of
material.
Write short summaries of material.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Application
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Every person is unique. (DNA and Mind)
Understand your own personality and use the
information to adjust your own behavior for
improved results.
Instead of making value judgments about
other people’s personalities, accept these
differences and use this information to
understand and predict behavior.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Summary
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By gaining a better
understanding of different
personalities, abilities, and
learning styles, we can better
understand and predict the
behavior of others as well as
ourselves.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed