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C OGNITIVE S URPLUS : C REATIVITY AND
G ENEROSITY IN A C ONNECTED A GE
作者 / 克雷.薛基 Clay Shirky
中英書本
C LAY S HIRKY : S OCIAL MEDIA THEORIST
an American writer, consultant and teacher on the social and economic effects of Internet technologies.
Clay Shirky believes that new technologies enabling loose collaboration — and taking advantage of “spare” brainpower — will change the way society works.
Focuses on the rising usefulness of decentralized technologies such as peer- to-peer, wireless networks, social software and opensource development.
認知剩餘 C OGNITIVE S URPLUS
「認知剩餘( Cognitive Surplus )」,意指社會上受教育公民的閒暇時間總和。
當網際網路創造一種流動:「認知剩餘」逐漸從電視流向各種科技新載具,在這些
認知剩餘背後,一群業餘編撰者的集體智慧,即使經常不夠精確,即使總是塗塗抹
抹,偶爾爭執不休,仍然徹底擊垮百年精英文化的《大英百科全書》,成為最多人
使用及引用的工具來源。
閒暇時間增加:教育程度提昇、每週工時降低,因此許多人有時間投入出各式各
樣的興趣及活動。
網路取代電視:目前連網人口數超過 20 億,網路技術已經不是專家的專利,而是
一般人日常活動,相對而言,看電視的時間卻一直下滑,根據統計,全世界的人,
一年要花一兆小時看電視,這些時間慢慢轉移到網路活動上。
人有被他人連結的需求:人天生喜歡和群體連結,因此網路對人來說除了打發時
間外,還存在其他的價值。不僅如此,還把一群業餘愛好者,提升到和專業人士可
以相比的程度,例如 Flickr 、 Blog 的網站,裡面就充滿了專業的業餘愛好者。
公民價值 V .
S 集體價值
M ORE IS DIFFERENT
The technology will continue to improve, and the population will continue to grow, but change in the direction of more participation has already happened. What matters most now is our imagination. The opportunity before us, individually and collectively, is enormous; what we do with it will be determined largely by how well we are able to imagine and reward public creativity, participation, and sharing
(p.212).
“World where being part of a globally interconnected group is the normal case for most citizens” (p.24).