WWI, WWII, Cold War
Mr. Fisher
WWI – Causes, Effects
Nationalism: love/devotion for one’s country/culture
Ex. Britain having more raw materials than Germany
Imperialism:
Competing empires around the world
Ex. Germany wanting to create an empire compared to
Britain
Militarism:
Development of armed forces to maintain dominance
Ex. Germany dev’l of navy to compete with the Royal Fleet
(Britain)
Entangling alliances:
Assassination ultimately pulls allied countries in together
WWI – Causes, Effects
Central Powers: German Empire, Austria Hungary,
Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
Allied Powers – France, Russia, Great Britain (map)
Central Powers needs for victory:
Quick, one-front battle with France and Britain (same as WWII)
Schlieffen Plan (video) Why did the plan fail?
Turn armies toward Russia with a victory
US to remain neutral – divided opinion
United States involvement:
Unrestricted U-boat (submarine) warfare
Sinking of the Lusitania
Carried American lives and weapons for the war
Zimmerman Note (Alliance between Germany and Mexico 5:50)
Mexico to regain land (Texas Annexation and Mexican Cession)
Wilson’s Fourteen Points:
Attempted to keep peace in Europe post WWI (patch holes that caused war)
No secret treaties Freedom of seas Lower or abolish tariffs Arms reduction -
Colonial rights should be respected -
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ended war between Germany and the Allied Powers (Map)
Central Powers lose territory in Europe and colonial possessions
Creation of a League of Nations (lyrics) (Precursor to United Nations)
Provided a forum for nations to discuss and settle grievances
Failure: (Problem 1)
United States did not join
No armed forces to back it up
WWII Causes
World War I
Treaty of Versailles “too harsh”
Germany wanted revenge (lost land)
Great Depression:
Platform for dictators to rise (people feeling hopeless)
Militarism:
Pride and expansion of military
Japan creating an empire in Pacific
Nationalism:
“Second chance” after WWI
WWII Causes
Imperialism:
Germany wanted land back (lost after WWI)
Appeasement policy:
Annex (add) Austria, Czechoslovakia
G.B. and France didn’t want war
Could have stopped Hitler, but didn’t want to
Rise of Dictatorships:
Japan (Tojo), Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini)
Would lead into war
Invasion of Poland:
Germany invaded Poland
German speaking people, land, sense of nationalism…
Created “snowball” effect
WWII Effects
Yalta Conference (plan for post-war Europe)
Rebuilding of European countries (Marshall Plan)
Truman Doctrine – money given to Turkey and Greece
Stop Communism (Depression Dictators?)
Stalin – Germany into 4 occupation zones (British, Russian, US, French)
Increase of rights for women (Rosie the Riveter)
“Vacuum” created by men leaving, women not wanting to give back jobs
Creation of the United Nations (successor of League of Nations)
Same purpose of L.O.N., but included army
GI Bill of Rights (learned mistakes from Depression)
Provided education and training for veterans
Provided loans for homes, farms, and business
Baby Boom Generation
Increase in population as men come home from war
Long-term issues? (Social Security and Medicaid)
Cold War (United States vs. Soviet Union)
Communism vs. Democracy
Space Race
Arms Race
Proxy Wars of Cold War:
Vietnam, Korea, Cuban-Missile Crisis, Soviet-Afghan War