1.8.15
To Do Today
1. 12.4 Review
2. 12.4 Partner RCQ
3. Introduction to 12.5
AP Government
Homework
Spend some time reading
the news tonight. Current
Event blogs tomorrow. Go
to the website, where there
are a lot of links to different
news sources. Be sure to
read from different
sources. Remember – news
sites are NOT unbiased.
12.5-12.8 422-437 (RCQ
tomorrow quickly)
Let’s Review the 6 Institutional Roles of the President 
1.
Chief of State: Makes personal appearances or speeches
– Embodies a vision and set of values– Motivates
2.
Chief Executive: Responsible for operating the apparatus and agencies of the
executive branch--Organizes and Manages
–
–
3.
Chief Diplomat Takes the lead in U.S. foreign relations
–
4.
Appointment
Deals with Crisis
Negotiates Treaties—Must have consent from the _________
Commander-in-Chief The President's power to command U.S. forces is largely
unchecked
– Generally, recognized as having the ability to send troops to any place for any reason
• War Powers Act of 1973, a congressional attempt to limit the President's power to use American
forces
5.
Chief Legislator Often has the power to set the legislative agenda, making some
issues more important than others and therefore considered of primary
importance in Congress
–
–
6.
State of the Union
Call a Special Session of Congress
Chief of Party
–
–
Rally Public Support
Be the Spokesperson for the party
Veto’s Legislation
The Shared Powers--Congress and the President!
Chief Legislator
• Chief Legislator Often has the power to set the
legislative agenda, making some issues more
important than others and therefore considered of
primary importance in Congress
– Uses
1.
2.
3.
State of the Union speeches
Influence over members of Congress
Other "means of persuasion."
4.
The President is also given the power by our Constitution
to call special sessions of Congress, which means that
he/she can bring legislators back to Washington to
consider matters the President feels is of utmost
importance, and during which the President decides what
is to be considered for legislative action.
– January---October is the Legislative Window…
Checks and Balances—The President and
Congress -- Signing a bill into legislation4 options
3. The President may allow
1. The President may sign
the bill to become law
the bill and it then
without signing it---by not
becomes law
acting on it within 10
2. The President may veto
days, not counting
the bill or refuse to sign
Sundays, of receiving it
it. The measure must
4. Pocket Veto---If Congress
then be returned to the
adjourns its session
house in which it
within 10 days of
originated. Congress
submitting a bill to the
may then pass the bill
President, and the
over the President’s veto
President does not act,
by a 2/3 vote
the measure dies.
Chief Executive
• Chief Executive: Responsible for operating the apparatus and
agencies of the executive branch--Organizes and Manages
• Powers:
– Appointment (with advise and consent of Senate)and
removal powers over executive branch officials (cabinet
heads, advisors, etc.), He may remove them at any time
without consulting Congress
• Who does he appointment?
–
–
–
–
Federal Court Judges
Ambassadors and other diplomats
Cabinet members and their top aides
Head of independent agencies
» Space Administration
» Environmental Protection Agency
• Appoint federal judges, though once they are confirmed by the
Senate, they are protected by Article III of the constitution from
removal for political reasons
Chief Executive Continued
– Presidential pardons may be granted to anyone accused or convicted of an offense
against the United States at any time for any reason.
• Not subject to any sort of "checks and balances," such as being overruled by the courts or
nullified by Congress.
– Executive privilege is a time-honored doctrine which states that the President, as chief
executive, has the right to maintain the confidentiality of certain documents or
communications and does not have to release them to the public or to other branches
of government.
• Except Criminal Activity! Nixon vs. The United States! Turn over the TAPES!
– Executive orders are orders issued to cabinet secretaries, bureaucratic department
heads and/or anyone else who works for the executive branch of government.
• Executive Order 9066
• As employees of the executive branch, these bureaucrats are expected to carry out
executive orders to the letter.
• Obama’s Executive Orders https://www.federalregister.gov/executiveorders/barack-obama/2014
• May only be vacated in a couple of ways
–
–
–
–
If the President retracts it at a later time
Issues a new order which supersedes the original order
Congress may pass a law which conflicts with the order (in which case the law wins)
Supreme Court may issue a ruling in a case making the order unconstitutional (in which
case the Court's ruling wins).
» Executive Order 9066 “Internment of Japanese during WWII”
» Supreme Court upheld in Korematsu v. United States!
Domestic crises
– In certain situations (e.g., oil spills, weather disasters,
Major corporations going bankrupt), the President is
looked to as the national problem-solver.
• Who are the people who respond to a CRISIS??????? Think of
the HUGE Bureaucracy and the ideas that surround
Federalism!!!!!
– Senators and Representatives from geographic regions or who have
injured constituents
– Governors, state bureaucracies
– Local "authorities" (e.g., water authorities, fire authorities),
bureaucracies, interest groups (e.g., homeowner's associations)
– Private sector (e.g., local and state banks, businesses, churches)
Who’s REALLY in CONTROL???
Chief of Party
• Chief of Party Includes
1. The opportunity to "spread the faith" among
voters
2. Going to fund-raisers
3. Helping congressional candidates of the same
party get elected
4. “Rally” the people together….
– Bush SR. for the Gulf War
3 Limits on the Presidents Powers
1. 22nd Amendment 1951
• After FDR --- 2 year term
2. War Powers Act 1970s
3. No line Item Veto
• 1996 Congress passed the Line Item Veto Measure
• Presidents want the power to reject individual items in spending bills
and to eliminate any provision of a tax bill that benefited fewer than
100 people. President Clinton said it was a “…major step against special
interest and pork barrel projects.”
– Clinton used the Line Item Veto 11 times to strike eighty-two items from
the federal budget
– However, the Supreme Court struck down the case in 1998 saying that if
Congress lacked the authority to give the President a line item veto.
– If the President is to have such power, said the Court, it must come via an
amendment to the Constitution that would restore this power to the
president.
Partner RCQ 12.4
What is the Relationship?
WHAT DO YOU STILL NEED TO KNOW/What do
you need to review!?
FDR---22nd Amendment
Impeachment—Nixon—Watergate
Name TWO Constitutional Powers of the President UNDER EACH HEADING!
1.
2.
3.
•
•
•
•
National Security Powers
Legislative Powers
Administrative Powers
Judicial
Must Know.. Page 406
4.
Cabinet—George Washington—State Department—Defense
Department—Treasury Department--- Homeland Security
5.
The Executive Office—National Security Council (NSC)—Council of Economic
Advisors (CEA)---Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
White House-- Who is the closest advisor to the President—Leadership
Styles—Reagan—Bush—Clinton
Chief Legislator—Veto—Pocket Veto—Congress—Overriding a President’s
veto
Commander in Chief—War Powers Resolution—1973—Restricting the War
making powers of the President
6.
7.
8.
Partner RCQ 12.4
1. Describe the major strengths
and weaknesses of the
president in his role as Chief
Legislator. Also Consider-- What factors strengthen his
ability to pass legislation he prefers/What factors weaken his/her
ability to pass legislation.
2. Describe the major strengths
and weaknesses of the
president in his role as Chief
Executive. Also Consider-- What factors
strengthen his ability to manage and organize his/her
agenda
Know the Following Things from your
reading tonight!!!
Page 418—”Presidential Coattails” and “Midterm elections” (Definitions)
Page 420—How Mandates affect Congress
Page 422 – As Chief Diplomat, president
doesn’t have the responsibility to declare war