TERMS TO COME TO TERMS WITH FOR THE FINAL
Powers of congress
Delegate model of representation
Trustee model of representation
Politico model of representation
Conscience model of representation
Constituent service
Pocket veto
Elastic clause
Bicameral
Gerrymandering
Majority-minority districts
Baker v. Carr
Reapportionment
Committee system
Conference committee
Select committee
Oversight
Markup
Speaker of the house
Majority leader
Whips
Minority leader
Filibuster
Cloture
Earmarks
Logrolling
How a bill becomes law
Powers of the executive
Prerogative power
Iran/Contra
Watergate
The enterprise
The plumbers
Whig model
Stewardship model
Cabinet
Kitchen cabinet
1947 National Security Act
Institutional president
“going public”
Executive agreement
1973 War Powers Resolution
Bay of Pigs Crisis
Executive order
Interest groups
egalitarianism
disturbance theory
free-rider problem
public goods
types of benefits
ERA
lobbying
grassroots mobilization
Plato
legitimacy
episodic participation
electoral college
Voting Rights Act of 1965
referendum
initiatives
recall
Federal Election Campaign Act
PAC
Buckley v. Valeo
soft money
rational party model
responsible party model
platform
political party
merit system
spoils system
patronage
conservative
liberal
primaries
public policy
garbage can model
economic policy
inflation v. deflation
surplus v. debt
foreign policy
globalization
neocons v. neolibs
bureaucracy
iron triangle of bureaucracy
vanishing marginals
hyperpluralism
reason of state argument
democratic ideals
grassroots change
STUDY QUESTIONS FOR THE FINAL
1. Explain how congress is organized.
2. Describe the four models of representation.
3. Explain how the constitution defines the role of congress in our system.
4. What are the constitutional requirements to be in the House and the Senate?
5. Explain the difference between a veto and a pocket veto.
6. Explain oversight. Give one example of an oversight function of the Senate.
7. Explain the difference between apportionment and gerrymandering.
8. What did the case Baker v. Carr entail and what precedence did it set?
9. Explain the difference between a standing committee, a conference committee, and a
select committee in congress.
10. Describe the hierarchal leadership structure of each house in congress.
11. What is the difference between a filibuster and cloture?
12. Explain how a bill becomes a law.
13. Explain the basics of Watergate.
14. Explain the basics of Iran/Contra.
15. What was the difference between the plumbers and the enterprise?
16. What is the “reason of state argument”?
17. What was the Bay of Pigs crisis?
18. Describe the three models of presidential power.
19. What is the difference between the cabinet and the kitchen cabinet? Which president
started the kitchen cabinet?
20. Describe two of the roles of the modern president.
21. Explain the forces that lead to presidential success or failure. How does one define
greatness?
22. Describe three of the five qualities that historians believe lead to successful leadership.
23. How have activism and protest evolved in the United States?
24. Where did the idea of the “right to revolt” originate?
25. What constitutional foundations allow citizens to petition their government?
26. Why are interest groups important to the democratic process?
27. Describe three types of interest groups.
28. Explain the “free-rider” problem.
29. Describe three types of selective benefits.
30. What is lobbying?
31. Explain the theoretical strengths and limitations of elections.
32. What did Plato argue?
33. What is the electoral college? Explain step by step how it works.
34. What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
35. Explain difference between a referendum, an initiative, and a recall.
36. What was the Federal Election Campaign Act?
37. What did the case Buckley v. Valeo entail and what precedence did it set?
38. What is soft money?
39. What is the purpose of a PAC?
40. Describe how the internet has changed the election process.
41. How are political parties different than other political organizations and what functions
do they serve in a democracy?
42. Describe two functions of political parties.
43. What is one main difference between a conservative and a liberal?
44. What is the difference between pluralism and hyperpluralism? What is the connection
between hyperpluralism and vanishing marginals?
45. What is a party realignment?
46. What role do third parties play in our political system?
47. Describe two types of primaries.
48. Describe three steps of policymaking.
49. Describe three types of public policies.
50. Explain the figures economists use to rate the economy’s performance.
51. What are some of the numerous factors that shape a foreign policy development in the
United States?
52. Explain one difference between the ideas of a neocon and neolib.
53. Who are the isolationists?
54. Describe three democratic ideals.
55. What is one specific idea to strengthen our democracy in the U.S.?