Introduction to
CMOS VLSI
Design
Lecture 2: Standard Cell
Design Layout
Salman Zaffar
IqraUniversity,
Spring 2012
Slides from D. Harris,
Harvey Mudd College
USA
Gate Layout
 Layout can be very time consuming
– Design gates to fit together nicely
– Build a library of standard cells
 Standard cell design methodology
– VDD and GND should abut (standard height)
– Adjacent gates should satisfy design rules
– nMOS at bottom and pMOS at top
– All gates include well and substrate contacts
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 2
Example: Inverter
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 3
Example: NAND3
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Horizontal N-diffusion and p-diffusion strips
Vertical polysilicon gates
Metal1 VDD rail at top
Metal1 GND rail at bottom
32 l by 40 l
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 4
Stick Diagrams
 Stick diagrams help plan layout quickly
– Need not be to scale
– Draw with color pencils or dry-erase markers
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 5
Wiring Tracks
 A wiring track is the space required for a wire
– 4 l width, 4 l spacing from neighbor = 8 l pitch
 Transistors also consume one wiring track
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 6
Well spacing
 Wells must surround transistors by 6 l
– Implies 12 l between opposite transistor flavors
– Leaves room for one wire track
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 7
Area Estimation
 Estimate area by counting wiring tracks
– Multiply by 8 to express in l
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 8
Example: O3AI
 Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
– Y   A B  C D
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 9
Example: O3AI
 Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
– Y   A B  C D
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 10
Example: O3AI
 Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
– Y   A B  C D
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 11
Standard Cells
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Uniform cell height
Uniform well height
M1 VDD and GND rails
M2 Access to I/Os
Well / substrate taps
Exploits regularity
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 12
Layout through Synthesis
 Synthesize HDL into gate-level netlist
 Place & Route using standard cell library
Lecture 2
CMOS VLSI Design
Slide 13