MUSCULOSKELETAL &
ENERGY SYSTEMS
LONG TERM EFFECTS
OF EXERCISE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Can you describe the long-term effects of exercise on the
Musculoskeletal and Energy Systems? (P3)
• Can you explain the long-term effects of exercise on the
Musculoskeletal and Energy Systems? (M2)
KEY VERBS
VERB
PLAIN ENGLISH
Describe
Try to “Paint a picture” in words. Assume that the
person that you are Describing to does not know
anything about the subject that you are describing.
Tell them what you have learned.
Explain
Once you have Described the subject, often you will
need to give further details and reasons why. (e.g)
Once you have described England’s poor
performance in the World Cup, you may also give
some reasons why the players did not perform as
well as they could.
CONTENT
Energy System – increased aerobic and anaerobic enzymes;
increased use of fats as an energy source
Skeletal System – Increase in bone calcium stores; increased
stretch in ligaments; increased thickness of hyaline cartilage;
increased production of synovial fluid
Muscular System – hypertrophy; increase in tendon strength;
increase in myoglobin stores; increased number of mitochondria;
increase storage of glycogen and fat; increased muscle strength;
increased tolerance to lactic acid.
NO Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)
.
1
Assignment Title : The Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body
2
Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal system.
Include: Hypertrophy, Increase in Tendon Strength, Increase in Myoglobin Stores, Increased
Mitochondria, Increased Glycogen and Fat Stores, Increased Muscle Strength, Increased tolerance to
Lactic Acid, Increased Bone Calcium, Increased Ligament Stretch, Increased thickness of Hyaline
Cartilage, Increased production of Synovial Fluid.
(e.g.) Muscle Hypertrophy – The size and bulk of the muscles increases. Use of the muscles causes
them to tear through stress. The muscle tissue repairs itself and makes the muscle tissue bigger as a
result
Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate).(e.g.) Muscles become more efficient at
using oxygen as a result of training. More Mitochondria are produced in muscle cells. These are the
site where energy is produced and if more sites are available then more energy can be produced and
therefore the muscles are able to work for longer due to the increased energy that is available to them.
3
Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Energy systems. Include: Increased Aerobic
and Anaerobic Enzymes, Increased use of Fats for energy.(e.g.)More Aerobic Enzymes are produced
through aerobic exercise. These are able to breakdown glucose more effectively and efficiently
Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate).(e.g.)More Enzymes are also available to
breakdown Fats. More body fat can be stored in muscles as a result of training. The enzymes mean
that more fat can be used as an energy source, meaning that the athlete can compete for longer.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON
MUSCLES
• Muscle
Hypertrophy
• Stress causes
muscle to tear
• Muscle repairs itself
• Tissue becomes
bigger and better
INCREASED TENDON
STRENGTH
• Adapt in the same
way as muscles
• May also increase
flexibility
• Cartilage thickens
INCREASED MYOGLOBIN
•
Muscles can store
more Myoglobin as a
result of regular
exercise
•
Binds to oxygen in
muscles
•
Improved Oxygen
carrying capacity
INCREASED
MITOCHONDRIA/GLYCOGEN + FAT
•
Mitochondria – Produce
ATP. Therefore can
produce more energy
•
Glycogen – Stored form
of Glucose. Source of
energy = More energy
•
Fat - Triglycerides mean
that you have a larger
source of energy to draw
from
IMPROVED MUSCLE
STRENGTH
• Overloading the
resistance that
muscles are
moving
• Muscle adapts
and gets stronger
INCREASED LACTATE
TOLERANCE
•
Lactic Acid causes
fatigue
•
Able to flush it out
quicker and tolerate
levels more
•
Improved
Capillarisation helps
removal in Endurance
activities
LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON
THE SKELETON
•
•
Increased Bone
Calcium
Bones strengthen due
to the stress placed on
them
•
More calcium improves
Bone Strength
•
Less chance of
Osteoporosis
INCREASED LIGAMENT
STRETCH
•
Ligaments and
Tendons become more
flexible
•
Ligaments are more
pliable
•
Increased ability to
change shapes at
joints
THICKER HYALINE
CARTILAGE
•
Less chance of bones
rubbing together
•
Less Friction
•
More efficient
movement
LONG TERM EFFECTS ON ENERGY
SYSTEMS
• Increased Aerobic
Enzymes
•
Mitochondria increase in
size
•
More enzymes means that
ATP can be broken down
more effectively
•
More enzymes to break
down body fat
INCREASED ANAEROBIC ENZYMES
• More Glycolytic
Enzymes
•
More efficient
Anaerobic Glycolysis
•
Body can buffer effects
of Lactic Acid
INCREASED USE OF FATS
•
Training means that
Fat stores can be
accessed more readily
•
More Fat is stored in
muscle tissue
•
Can exercise for longer