
There are approximately 640 named
skeletal muscles in the human body.
◦ There are also many more!!
There are 11 major muscles
that you will need to know
about for your GCSE PE
examination.
1.
6.
2.
3.
7.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
11.
Front View
Back View
Deltoids
Trapezius
Pectorals
Biceps
Triceps
Latissimus
Dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Front View
Back View
 By
the end of this lesson you
should be able to:

Identify the major muscle groups

Explain the role of muscles in movement.


Explain the immediate effects of exercise on the
muscular system.
Explain the long term benefits of exercise on the
muscular system

The main function of skeletal muscle is to
produce movement.

Muscles are attached to the skeleton, so that
they can contract and pull on bones
◦ Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

Muscles are attached at both ends
◦ One end is called the origin and is fixed to
something rigid.
◦ The other end – the insertion – is attached to the
bone that moves.

Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs, so
when one muscle contracts and pulls the other
relaxes to allow the joint to work.
The muscle
that contracts
is the
agonist.
The muscle
that is
relaxed is
called the
antagonist.
The Muscular System works in
antagonistic pairs to produce movement
at joints

There are 5 different types of movement that
can be produced:
1. Flexion
Some joints can
2. Extension
produce more
3. Abduction
types of
4. Adduction
movement than
5. Rotation
others.
Increased muscle size: Hypertrophy



Training using the principle of progressive
overload, applies stress to the skeletal
muscles.
This results in them being damaged as the
muscle fibres are pulled apart causing trauma.
The body rebuilds bridges between muscle
fibres, and actually makes them slightly
stronger
 This requires up to 48 hours.

Complete your movement analysis worksheet
◦ The immediate effects of exercise on the muscular
system (pg 143-44)
◦ Key words:
 Isometric & Isotonic contractions
 Oxygen
 Lactic Acid
OR
◦ The Long term benefits of exercise on the Muscular
system & potential injuries to the muscular system(144145)
◦ Key words:
 Hypertrophy
 Posture
 Soft tissue injuries




Exercise increases the body’s demand for Oxygen
and glycogen as the muscles need more fuel to
function.
Extra waste products are created, and extra blood
needs to be pumped around the body to take these
away.
Aerobic exercise can continue for a sustained period
of time as the intensity is relatively low.
High intensity exercise will result in the production
of lactic acid, if this builds up then exercise will
cease as muscles begin to ache and possibly cramp
 By
the end of this lesson you
should be able to:

Identify the major muscle groups

Explain the role of muscles in movement.


Explain the immediate effects of exercise on the
muscular system.
Explain the long term benefits of exercise on the
muscular system