Delimitation(defining) of the
Central Business District of Nyon
IGCSE Fieldwork, 2012
Urban Revision
1. What are the two main functions of the CBD?
2. The centre of the CBD is referred to as the PLVI.
What does this stand for?
3. Where is the PLVI in most towns?
4. Where is the PLVI in Nyon?
5. Which 3 urban models did we study in year 10?
6. What is an example of a high order, middle
order and low order service?
Delimiting the CBD of a Settlement
Revision: last year you studied CBDs – Central Business Districts.
They contain most of an urban area’s retail, service, financial and
other businesses, and the premises in the CBD are used mostly for
those things. 90% of an urban area’s jobs may be in its CBD.
Retailing and other services are divided up into three levels or
’orders’ according to their size, cost, importance and/or frequency
of use. This is a difficult thing to define precisely. However…
Higher order goods and services include jewellers, antiques,
furniture stores, hospitals, 5* hotels and department stores
Middle order goods and services include pharmacies, bookshops,
electrical goods, polyclinics, restaurants and clothes stores
Low order goods include grocers, newspaper vendors and bakeries.
CBD’s…..
• tend to have taller buildings
• tend to be more crowded and have intensive
use of the land
• Tend to have less open space
• are dominated by businesses (but not
factories)
• should have lots of people there in working
hours
• might have very heavy traffic (but remember
what we learnt in class about traffic
management and CBDs)
Fieldwork Planning
If you are to walk from the PLVI towards the edge of the town, what changes would
you expect to see?
Make a list of these.
How could these be measured?
Fieldwork Introduction
1. Write a brief written introduction to this
fieldwork.
Include:
 Where and when the fieldwork will take place.
 The AIM of this investigation
 The OBJECTIVES of this investigation
2. Geographical Location of Fieldwork
– Use maps of different scales to locate Nyon...
– Switzerland, Vaud, Nyon.
– Ensure each map has a Title (with figure
number), North Arrow and Scale.
– The Nyon map should be annotated to show any
factors which may influence the fieldwork(see
next slide).
The Peak Land Value
Intersection of Nyon
500 metres
3. Hypotheses
Individually decide upon the wording of your hypotheses(predictions).
• Write hypotheses for the following..
1. Ability of the group to define the edge of the
CBD.
2. Pedestrian Counts
3. Functional Score
4. Height of Buildings
5. Level of Vehicle Restrictions
6. Traffic Safety
4. Extension Hypotheses
– Decide upon some extension hypotheses which
your group is going to collect data in order to
test.
– Possible ideas...noise, litter(graffiti etc), plants,
trees, quality of pavement/street furniture,
condition of buildings, air quality, age of
buildings, building frontage. (others possible)
– It is suggested that you create a bipolar sheet to
include the variables you want to test (see next
slide)...this can be done as a group
Traffic safety
Score
Pedestrian Street
10
Restricted vehicle access
8
Light traffic
6
Heavy traffic, with
crossings
Heavy Traffic, no
crossings
3
0
Level of Vehicle Restriction
Score
Pedestrian Street
10
Access only for buses or taxis
8
No Parking at any time
6
Timed Parking Limit (Paid for)
4
Timed Parking Limit (unpaid)
2
No restrictions
0
Justification of Hypotheses with Geographic Theory
• Once your hypotheses have been written you
must explain why you have made this prediction
using geographic theory.
• Use text books, your notes and the internet to
enhance this section.
• Diagrams and maps should be included in this
part.
• This could be one or two pages in length when
completed properly.
Terms and models to consider
•
•
•
•
•
Bid-rent theory
Distance decay
Burgess’s Concentric Model
Hoy’t Sector Model
Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model
Methods of data collection
Each group will be assigned one TRANSECT which will
begin in Place Saint Martin.
Groups will walk along there assigned route and collect
data along the way.
Photos of students collecting data, and of different parts
of the town should be taken.
Transect Map
• Students need to draw a sketch map of the
route to show every building or land use.
• Use the Functional Score Sheet (see next slide) to
assign a value to each building.
• You may decide to concentrate on one side of the
street on the walk out of town, and the other on
the route back (or not).
• Ensure you show corners and intersections on
your map.
• Number your pages, and make it legible
• See example map.
Function
Residential
The list outlines the main
services and retail functions
that a small town in
Switzerland may offer. Each
function has been assigned a
value, its functional score.
This value is based upon the
theoretical threshold
population required to
sustain a particular service.
Functional Score
0
Function
Functional Score
Jewellery Shop
6
Florist
6
Petrol Station
1
Laundry
6
Cafe/ Tabac
1
Travel Agent
6
Wine Shop
6
Church
2
Insurance
6
Butcher
2
Secondary School
6
Baker
2
Small Supermarket
6
Newsagent
2
Camera shop
6
Mairie
2
Furniture
7
Primary School
3
Office Supplies
7
Car Dealer
3
Hotel (chain)
7
Police Station
3
Frozen Food
7
Fire Station
3
Opticians
7
Take Away
3
Sports Shop
7
Fruit and Veg
3
Electrical Shop
7
Betting Shop
7
Chemist
4
Fishmonger
4
Museum
8
Estate Agent
4
Library
8
Hardware/ DIY
4
Job Centre
8
4
Art Shop
8
Clothing
4
Photographers
8
Book Shop
5
Hospital
9
Pet Shop
5
Vets Surgery
9
Shoe Shop
5
Large Supermarket
9
Bank
5
Specialist DIY
9
Craft/Gift Shop
5
Deli/Health Shop
5
Department Store
10
Hotel (local)
5
Hypermarket
10
Antique/ 2
nd
Hand
7
Rue de la Gare
7
4
Urban Characteristics Sampling Method
• Starting at the Place St. Martin, complete the
Survey sheet(next slide), for each of the
variables indicated.
• Decide upon a set sampling interval in your
group.
– Every 50 meters (use map to measure)
– Every 50 paces
– Every 10 buildings?
– 50 metre concentric circles?
Sample Distance in Number of Vehicle
Traffic
Point
paces/
storeys Restriction Safety
metres
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
Pedestrian
Count (per
minute)