Chapter 13
Lymphatic
System
1
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.1 The Lymphatic System
Describe three major functions of the lymphatic system.
Distinguish between the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, and list examples of
each.
13.2 Innate Immunity
List examples of physical and chemical barriers to infection.
Describe how an inflammatory response can be initiated.
Explain the major activities of phagocytes and natural killer cells.
Discuss the three main functions of the complement system.
13.3 Adaptive Immunity
Describe the major steps in the generation of antigen receptor diversity.
Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells.
Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, and explain the different functions of IgG,
IgA, IgM, and IgE.
Distinguish between the functions of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, and explain the role of
MHC molecules in these responses.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity
Distinguish between active and passive immunity.
Describe some specific clinical applications of cytokine therapies.
Explain the major steps in the production of monoclonal antibodies, and some of their practical
uses.
13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses
Discuss the most common immunological mechanisms responsible for allergies.
Compare the adverse reactions involving the ABO blood system with those involving the Rh
system.
Explain the types of precautions that must be taken when transplanting organs.
13.6 Disorders of the Immune System
Define autoimmune disease, and list several specific examples of these diseases.
Differentiate between acquired and congenital immunodeficiencies.
What is lymph anyway?
Lymph… fluid that
leaks out of
capillaries into
“interstitial spaces”
due to pressure
gradients.
10mmHg
0mmHg
30mmHg
0mmHg
Blood colloid
osmotic pressure
opposes this flow
90% of fluid returns to blood, remaining lymph then
gathers in lymph vessels, eventually returning to the blood
How does lymph get back into the blood?
1) Enters lymph
capillaries (no
basement membrane
and only loosely
associated epithelia)
2) capillaries form
lymph vessels
3) lymph vessels
have one-way
valves
Co 13
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Fig. 13.1
8
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.1 The Lymphatic System
Describe three major functions of the lymphatic system.
Distinguish between the roles of primary and secondary
lymphoid organs, and list examples of each.
Fig. 13.2
10
Fig. 13.3
11
Fig. 13.4
12
Fig. 13.5
13
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.2 Innate Immunity
List examples of physical and chemical barriers to infection.
Describe how an inflammatory response can be initiated.
Explain the major activities of phagocytes and natural killer
cells.
Discuss the three main functions of the complement system.
Fig. 13.6
15
Table 13.1
16
Fig. 13.7
17
Fig. 13.8
18
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.3 Adaptive Immunity
Describe the major steps in the generation of antigen
receptor diversity.
Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells.
Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, and
explain the different functions of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE.
Distinguish between the functions of helper T cells and
cytotoxic T cells, and explain the role of MHC molecules in
these responses.
Fig. 13.A
20
Fig. 13.9
21
Fig. 13.10
22
Fig. 13.11
23
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity
Distinguish between active and passive immunity.
Describe some specific clinical applications of cytokine
therapies.
Explain the major steps in the production of monoclonal
antibodies, and some of their practical uses.
Fig. 13.12
25
Fig. 13B
26
Page 247
27
Fig. 13.13
28
Fig. 13.14
29
Page 250
30
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses
Discuss the most common immunological mechanisms
responsible for allergies.
Compare the adverse reactions involving the ABO blood
system with those involving the Rh system.
Explain the types of precautions that must be taken when
transplanting organs.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
13.6 Disorders of the Immune System
Define autoimmune disease, and list several specific
examples of these diseases.
Differentiate between acquired and congenital
immunodeficiencies.
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