USING THE
TO CAPTURE TRANSITIONING LEARNING
EXPERIENCES
Shane Gallagher, ADL Learning Scientist/Instructional Technologist
Serco contractor for Advanced Distributed Learning
shane.gallagher.ctr@adlnet.gov
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Some historical aspects of tracking
Courses/ ILT (online
gradebooks/WBT
PLATO/CMI
Coupled
EDUCOM/IMS
De-Coupling
using specs
Courses/ ILT (online
gradebooks/WBT
Interoperability
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Traditional Tracking
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What is the Experience API?
• Interoperable, flexible, granular way to track experiences,
scores, progress, teams, virtual media, real-world
experiences (not just completions)
• Allows data storage AND retrieval (ex. 3rd party reporting
and analytics tools)
• Enables tracking mobile, games, and virtual worlds
experiences – most any activity online or offline
• Developed by open source community
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Track it – store it – act on it
Human readable statements stored in
a learning record store (LRS - Cloudbased data store typically using a noSQL Db)
Reporting
Systems
Semantic
Analysis
Assessment
Services
Statistical
Services
• Activity aggregation for meaning
• Recommender engines
• Real-time reporting and stats
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Activity Streams
• Collaboration between Google, Facebook,
Microsoft and others
• Format: <Actor> <Verb> <Object> (I did this)
•
I (actor) completed (verb) the IA course (activity)
• Allows reporting of experiences, not just
completions
•
•
•
Nikolaus posted a photo
Nikolaus liked a photo
Nikolaus commented on a photo
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Example (Formal) Learning Stream
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John Connor attempted “The War of 1812, Part 1”
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John Connor watched “The Battle of New Orleans Video”
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John Connor completed “The War of 1812, Part 1”
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John Connor attempted “The War of 1812, Part 2”
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John Connor completed “The War of 1812, Part 2”
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John Connor attempted “The War of 1812, Assessment”
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John Connor answered “Question 1” with “True”
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John Connor answered “Correctly”
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John Connor answered “Question 2” with “False”
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John Connor answered “Correctly”
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John Connor answered “Question 3” with “a”
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John Connor completed “The War of 1812, Assessment”
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John Connor scored “90%” on “The War of 1812, Assessment”
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John Connor satisfied objective “Battles of the War of 1812”
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John Connor mastered objective “The War of 1812” to level “1”
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John Connor earned “The War of 1812 – Level 1 Badge”
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Example (Informal) Learning Stream
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Walter Isaacson authored [Steve Jobs Biography]
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David proofread [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Margaret approved [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Simon & Schuster published [Steve Jobs Biography]
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John purchased [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Ted read [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Philip shared [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Steven liked [Steve Jobs Biography]
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Harry reviewed [Steve Jobs Biography]
Source: http://www.adlnet.gov/what-should-i-track-in-my-learning-experiences-to-build-learning-analytics
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Online learning experience tracking
• Learner centric as “actor”
• Pre-defined vocabularies and statements for formal learning
activities
• Most any online activity can be tracked for informal learning activity
data
• Uses “activity providers” which can exist as plugins for most any
application
–
–
–
–
LMS’s – e.g. Moodle, Bb, others
WordPress
Browsers – e.g. Chrome, Firefox, IE
Ect.
• Can integrate with other API’s – e.g. Facebook, Google, Twitter
potentially allowing expanded activity tracking with xAPI as the
common denominator (interoperability).
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Transitioning learning experience tracking
• Learning experiences spanning the real and the
digital
• Uses sensors, beacons, gps, bluetooth, wifi…
• Actor roles may flip
• Captured in the cloud with xAPI
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Real world sensing tools
MIDI controller
Game controller
Beacons
Smart phone
Targeting sensors
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Extend to the “real world”
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“Room as observer or listener”
Room locates Mary at computer A with time of 10:25:34 a.m.
Room locates Joe at computer A with time of 10:26:54 a.m.
Room locates Mary at Mary’s desk with time of 10:41:08 a.m.
xAPI statements
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“Room as observer or listener”
Resource usage with
beacon
Ambient temperature
capture
Digital conversation
capture attaching digital
recordings to statements
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Authentication & Authorization
Two methods currently described in xAPI spec
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HTTP Basic Authentication
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OAuth 1.0a
The xAPI spec permits additional security requirements
to suit organizational needs
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Such as, use of CAC cards, SSL (HTTPS) access only,
etc
Rights can be granular to limit access to
specific parts of the xAPI
•
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ex. read-only, write activity state, etc
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Authenticity
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“Some Statements will have regulatory or legal
significance, or otherwise require strong and durable
evidence of their authenticity and integrity.” -xAPI
4.4 Signed Statements
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Key encryption and digital certificates can be
attached to Statements to ensure accuracy and
authenticity
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Potential privacy concerns
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Contact
Shane Gallagher
shane.gallagher.ctr@adlnet.gov
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Backup Slides
Aggregate Streams to Make Meaning
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Build Recommendation Engines
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Build New Reporting Capabilities
Source: http://support.google.com/analytics/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2519986
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Live Stats
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