CHAPTER 11
SECTION 1
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• When
manufacturing
replaced farming
as the main form
of work.
SAMUEL SLATER
•Builder of
the first
water
powered
textile mill in
America.
FACTORY SYSTEM
• Method of
production
using many
workers and
machines in
one building.
LOWELL MILLS
• Textile mills
located in the
factory town of
Lowell,
Massachusetts.
ROBERT FULTON
•Inventor of
America’s
first widely
successful
steamboat.
PETER COOPER
•Builder of
America’s
first
successful
steampowered
locomotive.
SAMUEL F. B. MORSE
• Inventor of the
telegraph.
• Morse Code is
named after
him.
THRESHING MACHINE
•A device
that
separates
kernels of
wheat from
their husks.
MECHANICAL REAPER
•A device
that cuts
grain.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• After the war of 1812, Americans
experienced a new kind of revolution.
• This was a change in the way that goods
were produced.
• Factory machines started replacing hand
tools.
• Soon large-scale manufacturing was
producing huge quantities of goods. These
changes are called the Industrial Revolution.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• 1) The Industrial Revolution was a change in
the way that goods were produced. From
hand made to factory produced goods.
• 2) Factories were soon producing large
quantities of goods.
FACTORIES RISE IN NEW ENGLAND
• In America, the Industrial Revolution began in 1793,
when Samuel Slater built the first spinning water mill.
• Samuel Slater snuck into the U.S. because it was
illegal for British textile workers to leave the country.
• Britain did not want another nation to copy its
machines.
• Slater first hired children, then employed whole
families in a family/factory system of employment.
• The factory system brought many workers and
machines together under one roof. People left their
farms and crowded into cities to take jobs in
factories. Their way of life changed.
CONTINUED
• The War of 1812 brought growth to
American Industry.
• In the war, Britain blockaded our shores, this
led Americans to create their own goods.
• It also led investors to spend money on
American Industries instead of elsewhere.
FACTORIES RISE IN NEW ENGLAND
• 1) Samuel Slater built the first spinning water mill
• 2) Britain did not want another nation to copy its
machines
• 3) Slater hired children, then families, and it was
known as the factory system. They lived in company
owned boardinghouses.
• 4) The war of 1812 brought growth to American
Industry
THE LOWELL MILLS HIRE WOMEN
• Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in eastern
Massachusetts.
• This factory spun raw cotton into yarn, and then
wove the yarn into cloth on looms.
• The factory was so successful they built a new
factory town called Lowell.
• Women entered the workforce in these factories,
wages were high-between two and four dollars a
week.
• Lowell mills ran on water power, factories built after
the 1830s were run on steam engines.
SYNTHESIZE/THINK, WRITE, PAIR,
SHARE
• 1) Describe how the Industrial Revolution
changed the way Americans lived and
worked.
• 2) What do you think the conditions were
like in the factories where children and
families were working?
THE LOWELL MILLS HIRE WOMEN
• 1) Francis Lowell built a factory in eastern
Massachusetts.
• 2) The success of the factory led to factory towns
being built
• 3) Women began working in the factories.
• 4) Lowell mills ran on water power, newer factories
were being run on steam power engines
NEW MANUFACTURING METHODS
SPREAD
• The U.S. government hired the inventor Eli
Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the
army.
• Before this, guns were made one at a time
by a gunsmith.
• Whitney created interchangeable partsparts that are exactly alike.
• Machines produced interchangeable parts
that sped up production, made repairs
easier, and allowed the use of less-skilled
workers.
NEW MANUFACTURING METHODS
SPREAD
• 1) Eli Whitney demonstrated
interchangeable parts for guns.
• 2) Interchangeable parts sped up
production, made repairs easy, and allowed
the use of less-skilled workers.
TRANSPORTATION AND
COMMUNICATION
• Robert Fulton developed a steamboat that could
move against the current or a strong wind.
• Some cities were not on rivers that could be
navigated by steamship.
• The answer? Peter Cooper built America’s first
successful steam-powered locomotive.
• Samuel F. B. Morse first demonstrated his telegraph
in 1837.
• The machine sent long and short pulses of electricity
that could be translated into letters.
TRANSPORTATION AND
COMMUNICATION
• 1) Robert Fulton developed America’s first
SUCCESSFUL steamboat
• 2) Peter Cooper built America’s first SUCCESSFUL
steam-powered locomotive
• 3) Samuel F.B. Morse demonstrated the telegraph
between two cities. Communication took only
seconds.
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES FARMING
• Other inventions increased farm production. John
Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel
edge.
• Deere’s new plow made plowing much less work in
heavy Midwestern soil
• The threshing machine and the mechanical reaper
were other inventions that improved production.
• New technologies linked regions, Midwestern
farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory
workers. The Midwestern farmers bought goods from
the Northeast. This increase put more demand for
cotton in the south.
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES FARMING
• 1) John Deere invents a new plow that will work in
tough soil
• 2) The threshing machine and mechanical reaper
improved farm production
• 3) New technologies linked regions and created
national unity
• 4) Midwestern farms Northeastern factories
Southern cotton
CRITICAL THINKING
• 1) Why was New England a good place to set
•
•
•
•
up factories?
2) How were different regions of the United
States linked economically?
3) Explain how the use of interchangeable parts
improved the manufacturing process.
4) Samuel Slater and Francis Lowell both illegally
brought industrial secrets to the United States.
Do you think they were wrong to do this?
Explain.
5) choose an invention and draw a detailed
picture of it. Then write a paragraph explaining
how the invention worked.