Early Industry and Inventions
Copy all notes in blue.
Agenda
• EQ: How did reform movements help to shape the United States prior to the Civil
War?
 Warm-Up: Why did manufacturing increase after the war of 1812?
 MLQ: How can we learn about the Industrial Revolution by determining
important facts and details?
Vocabulary
Innovation: The act of introducing something new
Exploit: To take advantage of a person or situation
The Skype is a new innovation that allows people to see and speak with one
another through the computer.
Joseph Kony exploits children when he forces them to join the LRA.
Work period: Students will:
1) In a group analyze primary source documents
2) Answer tiered questions
 Share: Share answers
 Closing: Summary of lesson
• H.W. The Lowell Girls used writing to express their feelings about mill life. You are
going to create your own version of the Lowell Offering Magazine. Write an article
describing labor conditions in the mill and what you typical day was like.
Industrial Revolution
• The 1st Industrial Revolution began in
England in the late 1700’s.
• People began creating ways to use
machines to make things more efficient.
• An industrial revolution is when hand tools
are replaced by factory machines.
Spinning Jenny and Power Loom
• Before the I.R., clothes were made at
home.
• In 1764 James Hargreaves invented
an improved spinning jenny, a handpowered spinning machine.
• In 1785, Edmund Cartwright created
the first power loom, which was
mechanical version of a regular loom,
which combined threads to make
cloth.
• Afterwards, clothes were made by
machines in factories.
• Often these machines were run by
children.
Factory System
• The factory system had many workers
under one roof working at machines.
• Many people left farms and moved to the
city to work in factories. They wanted the
money that factories paid.
• This change was not always for the better.
New England Factories
• Factories Come to New
•
•
England with ideas
brought from England by
Samuel Slater.
New England was a
good place to have a
factory.
Factories needed water
power, and New
England had many fastmoving rivers.
New England Factories
Rhode Island System
• Many men didn’t want to work
at factories because they felt
the job was too simple and
boring.
• Slater began to hire growing
families to work in the factories.
He built houses for them to live
in.
• This provided a cheap source of
labor.
• Created a company store and
often paid workers with credit.
Lowell Mills
• In 1813, Francis Cabot
Lowell built a factory in
Massachusetts near the
Charles River.
• The factory spun cotton into
yarn and wove the cotton to
cloth.
• Similar to Slater, Cabot
didn’t hire he only hired
women.
The Lowell Girls
• They worked for the good wages:
between two and four dollars a
week.
• The girls worked over 12 hours a
day in loud noise.
• The girls usually only worked for a
few years until they married.
• The “Lowell girls” lived in
company-owned boardinghouses.
The Telegraph
• The telegraph was
•
•
•
invented by Samuel
Morse.
This machine sent long
and short pulses of
electricity along a wire.
With the telegraph, it took
only seconds to
communicate with another
city.
The invention of the
telegraph brought the
people of the nation closer
to each other.
Farming Technology
• In 1836, John Deere invented a
lightweight plow, which made
preparing the ground for planting
much less work.
• The threshing machine separated
the kernels of wheat from the
husks, which was a faster than
doing it by hand.
• Cyrus McCormick invented a
mechanical reaper, which cut
grain from the fields and allowed
farmers to plant more seed
New Technologies help nation grow
• With new farm equipment, Midwestern
farmers grew food to feed Northeastern
factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers became buyers of
Northeastern manufactured goods.
• The growth of the textile factories
increased the demand for Southern cotton.
• This led to the expansion of slavery.