CRUSADES
1-3
PAT KING
ÉBION JOSÉ
1ST CRUSADE
Alexius Comnenus calls for help from Pope
• Requests Knights to aid in Turk invasion
• Pope Urban II calls a Crusade
Pope Urban’s Crusade called a “pilgramage”
• He “encouraged” his knights to travel to Jerusalem to
repent their sins
• Reality: Invasion to take city for personal gain
(1095-99)
•Raymond of Toulouse
– Principle leader in Crusades
– Wealthiest man in France
– Captures Jerusalem and other cities
•Bohemund of Antioch
– Took crusaded land for himself
– Went too far in expanding, ends up captured, ransomed,
and routed back to the west
•Zengi the Mujahid
– Takes the states of Edessa back from Crusaders
– He dies, but his work rallies his troops and they drive
back the crusaders
OUTCOME
Zengi causes despair in the
western troops
• Pope grows angry at the loss
of land
• Pope calls for a second
Crusade
Pope Eugenius wants to
regain Edessa
• Angry at soldiers for losing
the land
• Tries to find leaders to help
2ND CRUSADE
• Generals that take the Cross:
• Conrad III of Germany
• Terrible Military organizer
• Pope tried to keep news of Crusade from him
• He went anyway of his own accord
• Louis VII of France
• Asked to lead forces by pope
• Constantly argued with Conrad III
• Goal was to take back Edessa
• Still just wanted more land
(1144-87)
• Leaders group up and
meet in Jerusalem
• Begin to march
towards Alleppo, and
then onto Edessa
• Decide to attack the
allied city of
Damascus
• The siege was a complete
failure
• Conrad III returns to
Europe after 1 year
• Louis VII returns a few
years later in 1149
OUTCOME
• Christian forces weakened from attacks
• Turkish General named Nar-ad-Din attacks
• Captures Damascus and Egypt by 1168
• Dies in 1174, successor is Saladin
• Saladin becomes new Turkish leader
• Lays siege to Jerusalem and the Templars
• (Templars are a holy order of knights trying to
rid the holy land of the Muslims)
• Saladin captures the city and slaughters most
of the Templar order in 1187
3RD CRUSADE
• Pope appalled at the loss of Jerusalem
• Immediately calls for a new crusade
• New generals arrive to capture and defend the city
• New Generals:
• RICHARD THE LIONHEART
• Greatest general of the Western Europe
• Defeats Saladin in many instances
• Captures major city of Acre, but not Jerusalem
• SALADIN
• Defeated by Richard at many locations
• Valiantly defends Jerusalem successfully
• Western army runs defeated, chases
(1189-1192)
• Philip II of France also
came along with Richard
• Could not agree on battle
plans
• Richard began to give
orders without his
consent
• Philip used the Crusade as
an excuse to lure Richard
away from home
• Philip pretends to leave
from illness, and then
invades Richard’s territory
• Richard is forced to give
up and leave defeated to
Saladin
OUTCOME
• Richard was captured and ransomed home on his
return voyage
• He eventually did recapture his home, but with the
loss of many of his friends lives
• Saladin signs a peace agreement to allow the
Christians to hold the Mediterranean Coast
• Enthusiasm for the Crusades begin to diminish
• Failures make Christians to focus on other
problems they can solve
OVERVIEW
• 1st Crusade:
• The Christians managed to capture some land but
ultimately lose most of it back to the Muslim people
• 2nd Crusade:
• The Christians try to recapture Edessa but dispute
over what to do and ultimately fail
• 3rd Crusade:
• The Christians rally under Richard the Lion-Heart
but he retreats when his home is attacked
ULTIMATELY: They failed because the land captured was
eventually lost sometime in the future
TEXT SOURCES
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEV
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http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEV
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&searchId=R9&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&search
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34900102&&docId=GALE|CX3034900102&docType=GALE&role
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEV
ANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GPS&userGroupName=libe91209&tabID=T001
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PICTURE SOURCES
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bohemond+of+antioch&view=detail&id=86BD83A20E696A7CB
82692D49B85775F9A68B65C&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Ok79qktPLs/TBCn2ePH2I/AAAAAAAAAKE/rUhY6RwROvw/s1600/00000000000002.jpg
http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/gustave-dore/saladin.jpg!xlMedium.jpg
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=crusades&view=detail&id=8B0E21469DE999F82A3E9D323660C
27DB61ACCEA&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320Hist&Civ/slides/15crusad/crusaders&moslems.jpg
http://www.medievalwarfare.info/pics/louisix.jpg\
http://www.historyofjihad.org/crusades14.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/XsQVhLwVRjo/TWXr5ZNSdeI/AAAAAAAABaY/9Z3ltN_SjOQ/s1600/Crusades.jpg
http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/5765211375f7ba1971b3f8a028c7101b_1M.png
http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/325571/1/Departing-For-The-Crusades.jpg
http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/images/crusades/first/peoples_crusade_inocents.jpg
http://0.tqn.com/d/atheism/1/0/q/I/GermanCrusader-l.jpg