HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTIVITY AND
EMPLOYMENT
OUTLINE
Introduction
1.
Summary of issues
2.
What is working
3.
Looking ahead: Focus on outcomes
4.
What makes progress achievable
5.
Creating circumstances for change
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• Well educated, skilled and healthy population essential
for any strategy of national development
• In Ghana this should occur within a decentralised system
of planning and implementation
• Specifically in the area of human resources, critical
issues revolve around their development, deployment and
management
• Thematic area includes: education, human resource
development, productivity & employment, health
promotion including HIV, AIDS and STDS, population
management including migration, youth and sports
development , poverty reduction and social protection
SUMMARY
OFISSUES
ISSUES - I
SUMMARY
OF
• Education: Uneven access and gender disparity at all
levels; Poor quality of teaching and learning; Governance
and management constraints
• Human resource development, productivity and
employment: inadequate employment opportunities, low
productivity, inadequate labour market information system,
occupational health and safety issues
• Health:child and maternal survival, sustainable financing
arrangements, maldistribution of health sector workers;
Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV and AIDS
SUMMARY OF ISSUES - II
• Population management: reprioritising family planning,
inadequate database for planning, and optimising impact of
migration
• Youth and Sports development: weak institutional
framework, under-mobilisaion and utilisation of youth talent;
sports policy, infrastructure and management
• Poverty reduction: spatial, gender and income inequalities
• Social policy: framework, equity, social protection, the care
economy and common targeting mechanism
GEOGRAPHICAL DISPARITIES
Primary
completion rates
Attendance Rate in Current School
Year
POVERTY MATTERS!
Figure 5.1. Attendance Rates Aged 6-14 by Poverty
Quintile, 2003-2008
100
80
60
40
2003
20
2008
Source: GDHS 2003, 2008
GENDER INEQUALITY
HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
Cf. Ratios of trained health personnel/population
WHAT IS WORKING - I
Education: Ghana is on track to meet MDG 2.
(See map)
Health: steady progress on MDG 4 on child
survival and MDG 6 on HIV and AIDS, Malaria
and TB; NHIS
Human resource development, Employment
and Productivity: draft policies in HR and
Employment, NYEP; establishment of Fair Wages
and Salaries, Labour Commissions; Social
Dialogue mechanism
WHAT IS WORKING - II
Population management: Integration of
population variables in development planning
processes; declining fertility rate
•Poverty reduction: Ghana has met MDG 1 on
halving poverty
• Social policy: draft Social Protection Strategy,
LEAP, Capitation grant, school feeding
Looking ahead …..
Focus on outcomes in education
Equity in access
Gender equality
•Complementary
basic education
•Girls
scholarships and
work with the
Girls’ Education
Unit
•Construction of
classrooms,
water and
sanitation
facilities
•Mix of incentives
for teachers in
rural areas
•Common
targeting
mechanism
•Counselling and
guidance at
school level
•Child and girl
friendly school
standards
Quality
•Implement teacher
professional
development policy
•Improve the
deployment and %
trained teachers
•Provision of
textbooks and
alternative learning
materials
•School report cards
to increase
accountability
Productivity and employment
Human
resource
• Labour market
information
system
• National HR
development
plan
• Smart Use of
incentives
Productivity
Employment
• Establish
mechanisms to
enhance job
security
• Adopt national
employment policy
• National
productivity
measurement
framework
• Adopt national
income policy
• Address
occupational
health and safety
• Promote decent
work in the
informal economy
Outcomes in social policy
Establish framework
and strengthen systems
•Expansion of adequate
social security and
disability provision
• Mainstream and finance
child rights issues
•Updating the national
social protection strategy
•Progress the common
targeting mechanism
aimed at linking poverty
reduction programmes
Evidence based
•Strengthening the evidence
base by emphasising M&E
functions and products
•Strengthening national
ownership of the national social
policy by:
i) high level cross- Ministerial
parliamentary forums
ii) Regional, district and
community level engagement
iii) Building GoG/civil society
/DPs dialogue
Focus on outcomes in health
Priorities
Joint Strategies and Actions
•Improved
access to
quality health
services for all
Ghanaians
•Strengthening health systems
•Measurable
progress in
reducing child
and maternal
mortality
•Improving the national-level health
sector partnership
•Joint action plan on maternal and child
health
•Continued involvement by non-resident
partners e.g. The Global Fund and GAVI
•Implementing the Sector Medium Term
Development Plan
•Improving intra-sectoral collaboration
Creating the circumstances for change
How do we reform?
intervention
Policy
level
intervention
Institutional
level
intervention
Human
level
• Wage bill
• Unit costs
• Human resources
• Address Migration
• Targeting
• Inclusive strategies
Improved
situation
(results)
What makes progress achievable?
• Significant financial investment from the government
31% education, 17% health
• Retention of adequate skilled staff motivated to adopt
professional development policies for careers
• Strengthened role for Parliament, MMDAs and CSOs to
ensure greater accountability
• Improvements in data collection and monitoring
• Enhance the quality of dialogue between DPs and the
Government through sector working groups
•Incorporating evidence in policy and programming