EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
IN THE NEW WORLD
Spain, France, and England
European Possessions in the New World
THE SPANISH IN NORTH
AMERICA, 1500s
Spain Dominates the Western
Hemisphere, 1500s
• The Treaty of Tordesillas
• First North American Settlements
• Type of Colonization
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– Political Structure
• Absolute power
• Viceroyalty
• Subjugation of natives
Social Structure
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Penninsularies
Creoles
Mestizo/Mulatto
Africans/Natives
Economic Structure
• Land as basis of wealth
– Haciendas
– Church missions
– Ethnic domination
The French in the 1600s
• Louis the XIV, “The Sun King”.
– 100 Years War
– Stabilized Dynasty: The Bourbons
Political Structure of the French
Colonies
• “New France
– Absolute Power
– Intendant
– THE FUR TRADE!
Social Structure of French
Colonies
• Single Young Men: Fur Trade
• Co-Partnership with Natives:
“Gone Native”
- Conversions to Catholicism.
English Colonization in North
America, 1600s
• Economic motivation
– Jamestown, 1607
– Spanish Gold
– Tobacco
• Primogeniture
• Indentured Servants
– Chesapeake Region
Religious Motivation
• Plymouth Colony, 1620
– Mayflower
– Separatists (Puritans)
• “Dutchification” of children
– Massachusetts Bay Colony
• John Winthrop
– New England Region
Political Structure of English
Colonies
• English common law
– Magna Carta, 1215
– Bill of Rights, 1688
• House of Burgesses, 1619
– Williamsburg
– Colonial Assemblies
• Town (Tun) Meetings
– Puritans only!
Social Structure in the British
Colonies
• Chesapeake Region
– Primogeniture
• Aristocracy
• Anglican Church
• High Mortality Rate
New England Region
• Religious Motivation
– Covenant with God (Mayflower Compact)
– Families (and servants)
– Healthy Climate
– Public schools
Geography is key!!!!
• Rolling hills and plains versus rocky,
mountainous land.
• Slow moving rivers versus rapids and
waterfalls.
• Many natural harbors versus few natural
harbors.
• Long, hot growing season versus long,
cold winters.
Which European power will
eventually control North America?
Key Terms/Concepts:
The Colonial Period
Spanish Armada
Enclosure Acts
French and Indian War
Tobacco
House of Burgesses
Salutary Neglect
Huron
New France
New Spain
Anglican Church
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Algonquin
Iroquois
Colombian Exchange
Jamestown
Plymouth Plantation
Great Migration
Starving Time
Reformation
Puritans
Covenant