Sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerves
Nervous system
 The nerves system composed of all nerve tissue in the
body
 The function of nerves tissue are to receive stimuli,
transmit and initiate response
Autonomic nervous system
 Mostly motor nerves controls function of involuntary and
smooth muscles
eg. cardiac muscles
 The autonomic nervous system provides almost every
organ with and double set of nerves.
 Sympathetic
 parasympathetic
Autonomous nervous system
 The nervous system controls the functions of the body
which are carried out automatically,




Rate and force of the heart beat
Secretion of the glands
Vasoconstriction or vasodilation
Change in the size of the pupils of the eye
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
 Sympathetic
Activates and prepares the body for vigorous
muscular activity stress and emergencies
 Parasympathetic
Lower activity, operates during normal
situations, permits digestion and conservation of energy.
Sympathetic & parasympathetic
Muscle
Origin
Action
innervation
pupillae,
dilator
Inner
margin of
iris
dilates
pupil
Sympatheti
c fibers via
short ciliary
nerves,
synapsing in
superior
cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
pupillae,
Encircles
iris
Constricts
the pupil
parasympath
etic
fibers of
oculomotor
nerve (III),
synapsing in
ciliary
ganglion
sphincter
Sympathetic nerve
Nerve
Source
Branches Motor
oculomotor
oculomotor
nuclei of
midbrain
(pre
ganglionic
parasympath
superior
br.,
inferior br.
etic)
ciliary
muscle &
sphincter
pupillae
(GVE
preganglioni
c
parasympat
hetic to
ciliary
ganglion via
parasympat
hetic root,
Sensory
Notes
-----------
also
known as:
CN III, 3rd
cranial
nerve;
passes
through
superior
orbital
fissure
Nerve
Source
zygomatic Maxillary
Division
of
Trige
minal(V2
Branches Motor
Sensory
zygomatico secretomotor skin of
facial &
(postgang.
Face
zygomatico parasymp.) lateral &
temporal
to lacrimal
Superior
gland (via
to orbit
fibers from
pterygopalat
ine gang.
that reach
lacrimal n.
by
communicat
ing br. of
zygomaticot
emporal)
Notes
carries
postganglionic
parasympatheti
c axons to the
lacrimal gland
that have
synapsed in the
pterygopalatine
ganglion
Autonomic drugs
 Autonomic drugs acts on spincter and dilator pupillae
muscles of the iris and also on the ciliary muscles
 Miotics
 Mydriatics -
pupil constricting
pupil dilating
Parasympathetic mydriatics
 The abolish the action of acetylcboline and thus cause
mydriatics by making
 It impossible for the sphincter muscles to contract
(eg. Atropine1%, homatropine 1-2%, hyosine (0.11%, cyclopentolate 0.5% - 1 and tropicamide 0.5-1%)
Sympathetic mydriatics
 Directly act on dilation pupillae to produce mydriatics
(eg. Adrenaline as is tra-cameral injection,
Phenylpherine drops 2.5-10%) and locaine
hydrocholoride)