Unit N Review #2 KEY
1.
Peripheral Nerves branch off of both the SPINE
and the BRAIN.
2.
Nerves straight from the brain are CRANIAL
NERVES.
3.
The VAGUS nerve.
4.
The Vagus nerve serves the Heart (blood pressure,
heart rate) also it stimulates the Digestive Organs.
5.
Spinal Nerves are classified as mixed nerves as
about half of their neurons are Sensory carrying
information toward the spine, while the other
half are motor neurons carrying information out
from spine toward effectors.
6.
Three main types of nerves are:
1.Motor Nerves 2. Sensory Nerves 3. Mixed Nerves.
7.
Spinal nerves come into the spine and branch
dorsally and ventrally, the dorsal root consists of
SENSORY (afferent) neurons.
8.
A dorsal root ganglion consists of a cluster of
many, many, afferent neuron cell bodies.
(See Diagram Below)
9.
Motor neuron axons make up the ventral portion
of a spinal nerve.
10. The Peripheral Nervous System consists of two
subsystems they are the SOMATIC (mostly
voluntary motor control and incoming sensory)
and the AUTONOMIC (involuntary control of vital
organs).
11. SOMATIC
12. SOMATIC
13. AUTONOMIC
14. The ANS is divided into two subdivisions/modes
the PARASYMPATHETIC and the SYMPATHETIC.
15. NO !
LO N-2
1.
Whatever works for you. Parasympathetic 
Parallel = Straight and Steady
Parachute = Slow you down.
Sympathetic – I sympathize with what you went
through.
2.
Both divisions use two motor neurons (a short
one joined to a long one) to bridge the gap
between the CNS and the appropriate effector.
- Both divisions are involuntary (automatic).
- Both divisions operate the same internal
effectors. (heart, gut, blood vessels etc.)
3.
For both divisions the Cell Body of Neuron #1 is
in the CNS (brain or spinal cord).
4.
A GANGLION
5.
The long nerve fiber that runs from the CNS out
to the ganglion is called the PREGANGLIONIC
Fiber.
6.
The nerve fiber that runs from the Ganglion and
then lands on the effector is called the
POSTGANGLIONIC Fiber.
7.
In the Sympathetic system the Preganglionic is
very SHORT and the Postganglionic is very LONG.
8.
In the Parasympathetic system the Preganglionic
is very LONG and the Postganglionic is very
SHORT.
9.
In the Sympathetic system the Ganglion is found
FAR from the effector, more near the CNS.
10. In the Parasympathetic system the Ganglion is
found very NEAR the effector.
11. The Sympathetic system is activated during
times of emergency/excitation (“Fight or Flight”
for survival)
12. Reactions that get you away from danger or
help you fight for your survival.
13. When Sympathetic kicks in the following occurs:
- Heart Rate goes up
-Blood pressure goes up
- Pupils dilate to allow more light in
- Airways open up to allow more oxygen in
- Liver starts to break down glycogen into
glucose to bring up blood sugar for energy.
- Blood directed to skeletal muscles.
- (digestive function inhibited)
14. The Sympathetic system uses NOREPINEPHRINE
(Noradrenalin).
15. The nerves that run the Parasympathetic mode
stem from the CRANIAL and SACRAL regions of
the CNS
16. The nerves the run the Sympathetic mode stem
from the THORACIC and LUMBAR regions of the
CNS.
17. The function of the Parasympathetic system is
for NORMAL ACTIVITY of those effectors.
18. The Parasympathetic system will:
- bring the Heart back to normal heart rate.
- cause pupils to return to normal dilation.
- cause airways of lungs to return to normal diameter.
- trigger liver to start converting extra blood sugar
into glycogen, releasing bile.
- increase activity and blood flow to gut for digestion
19. The Parasympathetic system uses ACETYLCHOLINE
neurotransmitter.
Para
S C A N N
A R C O E
C A E R A
R N T M R
A I
Y A
L A L L
L C
Holine
Nor
Sypa
F E E L T
A P M U H
R I
E M O
N R B R
E G A A
P E R C
H N
I
R C
C
I
N
E
Y
Practice Quiz:
1. A – Medulla Oblongata has many vital réflex arcs
2. C – To allow for better vision for survival
3. A
4. D – Need to bring things back to normal level.
5. C – Hypothalamus = Homeostasis.
6. D
7. A – Thalamus is the Gatekeeper.
8. C
9. C – Found in dorsal root ganglion.
10.
D
11.
D
12. D – As constriction of iris causes pupils to
become smaller.
13.
B
14.
D – Thalamus (Gatekeeper)
15.
B – Hypothalamus
16.
A
17.
D – Cerebellum
18.
C – Sensory neurons have very long dendrites.
19.
D
20. C – Somatic is incoming sensory and outgoing
voluntary motor.
21.
B
22. A – When the gut is being stimulated, the
parasympathetic system is at work. This system
uses Acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine
will work to pace the heart at a slower more
relaxed pace than if it were being stimulated by
Norepinephrine.
Practice Quiz Question:
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is the function of the PARASYMPATHETIC
System?
Cause the pupils to dilate
Increase blood flow to the digestive system
Open up airways and increase breathing rate.
To stimulate a “Fight or Flight” response.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
When norepinephrine hit an effector, it is
released from...
The axon bulbs of a long post-ganglionic fiber.
The axon bulbs of a short post-ganglionic fiber.
The axon bulbs of a long pre-ganglionic fiber.
The axon bulbs of a short preganglionic fiber.