Disparity in Human Rights
Dr.P.K.Manoharan
Dean
College Development Council
Bharathiar University

Distribution of Resources and
Population

Internationalization of Education

Environment

“Human Rights means the rights
relating to life, liberty, equality and
dignity of the individual guaranteed
by the Constitution”
- Human Rights Act, 1993
Growth of World Population
Year
Population
(in crores)
Years Taken
1804
1927
1960
1974
1986
1999
100
200
300
400
500
600
1804
123
33
14
12
13
Levels of Population

Over Population

Optimum Population

Under Population
World can feed comfortably only for 200 crores
of population with the existing resources.
Distribution of Population &
Resources

DCs
20% of Population 80% of Resources

UDCs
80% of Population 20% of Resources
India is having
2.6% of the land area
17% of the World Population
Growth of Population

World Population 1.7% per annum

DCs
UDCs
0.6% per annum
2% per annum

India
2.25% per annum

World Population Day
World Population reached five billion (500 crores) on
July 11th 1986.
The United Nations began to commemorate the
World Population Day on July 11th every year from
1987 onwards.
Objective: to enhance people’s awareness about the
population problem
Globalization and Education

To reshape the world economy after the Great
Depression and II World War it was decided to
establish 3 international institutions, viz.,

IBRD - (World Bank) International Bank
for Reconstruction and Devt.

IMF – International Monetary Fund

ITO – International Trade Organization
Categories of Service Sector
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Business
Communication
Construction and Engineering
Distribution
Education
Environmental
Finance
Health
Tourism and Travel
Recreational
Transport
Other Services not included elsewhere
Sub-sectors of Education Service
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary Education
Secondary Education
Higher Education
Adult and Continuing Education
Other Educational Service
General Agreement of Trade in
Services (GATS)

Apart from commodities, services have
also been identified for free trade and the
conference at Doha led to a General
Agreement of Trade in Services (GATS)

Education has been identified as one of
the 12 services for global trade
Modes of GATS

Cross Border Supply
(Education Service beyond the boundary)

Consumption Abroad
(Students Studying abroad)

Commercial Presence
(Presence of foreign institution in a host
country)

Movement of Natural Persons
(Movement of Persons for teaching abroad)
Basic Information on Hr. Edn. In India
Sl.NO.
Particulars
1947
2009
1.
Universities
18
430
2.
Colleges
500
20677
3.
Students
2,28,804
116 lakhs
4.
Teachers
<0.24 lakhs
5.5 lakhs
No. of Universities
in some Leading Countries
Sl.NO.
Country
Population in
crores
No. of
Universities
1.
Japan
12.7
684
2.
USA
27.6
2364
3.
UK
5.98
104
4.
Germany
8.2
330
5.
India
100
430
(231 autonomous instts.)
Student Enrolment
in Hr. Edn. In Selected Countries
Sl.NO.
Country
% Enrolment
1.
Canada
88
2.
Australia
79.8
3.
USA
80.9
4.
UK
52
5.
India
6
World wide Distribution of Foreign Students
Sl.NO.
Region
% of foreign
students
1.
US, UK, France,
Germany, Australia
75
2.
Other OECD
10
3.
Non OECD
15
Total
100
Human Rights
Education

Human Rights Education is not just
about Human Rights, i.e., acquiring
knowledge.

It is also education for human
rights, helping people to feel the
importance of Human Rights.

It contributes directly to improving
the life of both individuals and the
community.
UGC and HRE

In 1985, the UGC prepared a blueprint
for promotion of Human Rights teaching
and research at all levels of education.

The UGC has been promoting and
supporting Human Rights and Duties
Education in universities and colleges
since the IX Plan and the UGC would
continue to strengthen this programme in
the subsequent plans, also.
Objectives of HRE

to develop interaction between society
and educational institutions;

to sensitize the citizens so that the
norms and values of human rights and
duties education programme are
realized;

to encourage research studies
concerning the relationship between
Human Rights and Duties Education and
International Humanitarian Law;