The Chances of Abena, Sára, Chen and
Ali in Hungary
Migrant Chances and Experiences in
Hungary
Overview of the research project carried out by
TARKI Social Research Institute, funded by
European Integration Fund
2011
Trends of xenophobia in Hungary
Endre Sik
sik@tarki.hu
The proportion of xenophobes, real-politicians and xenophiles
(between 1992-2011 in per cent)
100%
12 14
9
5
10
4
3
4
5
4
7
8
9
8
6
10 10 10 12
8
80%
60
60%
55
71
73 66
53
57
64
66
69
67 57 62 67 70 61 58 57 59 60
40%
20%
0%
15 20
1992
31
1994
40
38 43
34 30
33
30
29 32 33 29 32
27
26
25
24
19
1996
1998
xenophobe
2000
2002
2004
realpolitician
2006
2008
xenophile
2010
Proportion of xenophobes by education level (%)
60
50
50
42
40
41
35
30
total
24
20
15
10
10
0
unfinished
primary
primary
vocational technical general
training highschool highschool
college
university
Proportion of xenophobes by age group and
education level (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
18-23 24-29 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65 66-71
years years years years years years years years years
less than secondary
at least secondary
72
years
or older
Where are they coming from,
how many are they,
what should we do with them?
Attila Juhász:
juhasz@politicalcapital.hu
Péter Krekó
kreko@politicalcapital.hu
The ratio of those who expect a certain national-ethnic group
to settle down in great numbers in the near future
The ratio of those who expect a certain national-ethnic group
to settle down in great numbers in the near future – among
party voters
Tensions towards migrants
Anikó Bernát
bernat@tarki.hu
Tension perception between different social groups
Between Hungarians and
immigrants
23%
62%
Between Roma and non-Roma
people
68%
Between the rich and the poor
Between elderly and young
people
16%
29%
53%
15%
great tension
40%
58%
small tension
7%
27%
no tension
3%
The perception of tension is just one element of a coherent
world view as those who perceive great tensions between
Hungarians and immigrants are …
… more likely to be
concerned about the
relations between
other groups
… more likely to
support authoritarian
policies
… less trustful
regarding both
institutions and
people in general
… more likely to
expect mass
migration
… are more
pessimistic about
Hungary’s and their
own financial
situation in the future
Being highly concerned about migrants surmises xenophobia.
Does it make people more tolerant if
they have migrant acquaintances?
Boglárka Szalai
boglarka.szalai@tarki.hu
Perceived social distance between Hungarians and the five
ethnic groups by respondents
The social distance from visibly different foreigners by having
Arab, Chinese, African acquaintances
100%
17%
21%
38%
80%
30%
46%
8%
8%
40%
10%
60%
33%
8%
38%
29%
40%
9%
11%
33%
32%
28%
20%
42%
33%
32%
21%
15%
19%
0%
Has a Chinese
acquaintance
Does not have a
Chinese
acquaintance
Has an Arab
acquaintance
Does not have an Has an African Does not have an
Arab
acquaintance
African
acquaintance
acquaintance
Would accept unconditionally
Would accept as a neighbor and as a colleague
Would accept as a colleague
Would not accept
Allow your child to play with a foreigner (in %)
100
8
9
9
10
47
49
42
40
African
Arab
9
80
36
57
60
45
40
54
20
33
45
0
Jewish
Roma
Allow
Doesn't allow
No answer
Doesn't know
Chinese
The Chances of Ali, Chen, Fatima and
Sára in the Hungarian labour market
and housing:
To reject and to be rejected
Bori Simonovits
simonovits@tarki.hu
The innovative method:
Discriminatory situation embedded into questionnaire
Experimental variables:
skin colour & gender
homogenous variables: age, family status, immigration status, language skills
Who would you choose to be
a cleaning lady/ repairmen in the local government?
(The order of those chosen in the first place, in percent )
repairmen
85
cleaning
ladies
79
0%
20%
40%
8
60%
80%
Etnhic Hungarian from Ukraine/ Serbia
Arab from Iraq/Iran
African from Kenya/Nigeria
Chinese
3 7
5
8
5
100%
Who would you choose to be an administrator?
(The order of those picked in the first place, percent by gender)
All respondents
50
Male respondents
31
43
Female respondents
36
57
0%
8
20%
40%
60%
Hungarian from Ukraine: Sára (F)
Hungarian from Serbia: Tamás (M)
Iraqi: Fatima (F)
Kenyan: Abena (F)
Chinese: Yin (F)
Nigerian: Adofo (M)
Irani: Ali (M)
Chinese: Chen (M)
8
26
4 3 2 21
5 4 2 31
9
80%
3 2111
100%
To whom would you lend your apartment?
(the order of those chosen in the first place, percent by gender)
All respondents
53
Male respondents
34
49
Female respondents
36
57
0%
20%
6 3 2211
7 3 2111
32
40%
60%
Hungarian from Ukraine: Sára (F)
Hungarian from Serbia: Tamás (M)
Iraqi: Fatima (F)
Kenyan: Abena (F)
Chinese: Yin (F)
Nigerian: Adofo (M)
Irani: Ali (M)
Chinese: Chen (M)
5 2 2 311
80%
100%