Chapter 2:
States of Matter
pages 40 - 52
Matter
• Matter
– Anything that takes up space and has mass.
• Three states of matter common on Earth:
– Solid
– Liquid
– Gas
• The motion of the particles and the strength of
attraction between the particles determine a
material’s state of matter.
Solid:
Particles are packed together in “fixed”
positions; definite shape and volume.
Liquids:
Particles are close together, but not in
“fixed” positions; definite volume but no
definite shape.
Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow.
Example: Honey
• High Viscosity
Example: Water
• Low Viscosity
Surface Tension – the uneven forces acting on
the particles on the surface of a liquid; acts as a
thin film stretched across the liquid’s surface.
Gases:
Particles move fast and do not stay close
together; has no definite shape or volume.
Thermal Energy, Heat, &
Temperature Review
1. How is thermal energy different from
temperature?
2. Which has more thermal energy, a lake or a
bucket of boiling water? Explain.
3. Which has a higher temperature, the ocean
or a bucket of boiling water? Explain.
4. Do you have heat inside of you? Explain.
Thermal Energy, Heat, &
Temperature Review
Changes of State:
State of Matter vs. Thermal Energy
• Gases have the
highest amount of
thermal energy
•Solids have the
lowest amount of
thermal energy
Thermal Energy (Joules)
• The state of a
substance depends on
the amount of thermal
energy it possesses
Solid
Liquid
State of Matter
Gas
A change in state will occur if thermal energy is
absorbed or released.
• Melting- a solid absorbs
thermal energy; the
change from a solid
state to a liquid state
(ice to water)
• Vaporization – a liquid
absorbs thermal
energy; the change
from a liquid state to a
gas state (water to
water vapor)
A change in state will occur if thermal energy is
absorbed or released.
• Freezing – a liquid loses
thermal energy; the
change from a liquid
state to a solid state
(water to ice)
• Condensation – a gas
loses thermal energy;
the change from a gas
state to liquid state
(water vapor to water)