Chapter 13 North and South
(1820-1860)
Section 1 The North’s Economy
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
Which do you think is the most
important innovation of the 1800s?
A. The expanding railway
system
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D
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A
D. More efficient manufacturing
methods
A
B
C
D
C
C. Faster ships and trains
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
B. Faster communication
What innovations in industry, travel,
and communications changed the
lives of Americans in the 1800s?
Technology and Industry
• Innovations in industry and
technology began to change
the way Americans worked
and traveled
• Industrialization in the North
developed in 3 phases
• 1. Manufacturers made
products by dividing the tasks
involved among the workers
• 2. Manufacturers built
factories to bring specialized
workers together (Products
made quicker)
• 3. Factory workers used
machinery to perform some of
their work (Water or steam
power)
• From weaving to tending a
machine
What happened in the first phase of industrialization in
the North?
A. Factory workers used machinery
to perform some of their work.
B. Manufacturers made products
by dividing the tasks involved
among the workers.
D.
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D
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C
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B
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A
C.
A. A
Waterpower and steam power
B. B
were used to produce more
products in less time.
C. C
Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized
D. D
workers together.
Mass Production in the North
• Cotton textiles
• Elias Howe invented
the sewing machine in
1846
• Workers now created
clothing on a large scale
• Other industries also
developed during the
same time period
• By 1860- The
NORTHEAST’S
factories produced at
least 2/3 of the countries
manufactured goods
Improved Transportation
• Transportation improvements
contributed to the success of
America’s new industries
• Between 1800 and 1850thousands of miles of roads
and canals were built
• Canals opened new shipping
routes
• Robert Fulton’s steamboat
could carry more goods and
passengers more cheaply
and quickly
• Cities like Cincinnati, Buffalo,
and Chicago grew
• 1840’s- Clipper ships could
sail 300 miles per day
(“Clipped time” from
shipping)
Locomotives
• Railroads started with short
stretches of track to
connect mines with nearby
rivers
• Horses pulled the early
trains
• The first steam powered
locomotive, the Rocket,
began operating in Britain
in 1829
• Peter Cooper created the
first American steam
locomotive in 1830 named
Tom Thumb
• Tom Thumb raced a horse
with a train behind it
• The horse won (Tom
Thumb’s engine failed)
• But within 10 years steam
locomotives were pulling
trains in the US
A Railway Network
• 1840- The US had about
3,000 miles of track
• By 1860- The US had
almost 61,000 miles of
track
• Mostly in the NORTH and
Midwest
• Connected larger cities
together
• Railway builders
connected these eastern
lines to lines being built
farther west in Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois
• By 1860- The railroad
track united the Midwest
and East
Moving Goods and People
• The railways transformed
trade in the nation’s interior
• No longer did people have
to send agricultural goods
down the Mississippi to
market
• Now east-west canal and
rail network allowed grain,
livestock, and dairy
• Products could move
directly from the Midwest to
the East
• Faster and cheaper
• Manufacturers in the East
could offer them at lower
prices
• Fast, affordable train travel
brought people into Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois and the
states populations grew
• New towns and industries
developed
Faster Communication
• Growth of industry and
new pace of travel
created the need for
better communication
over vast distances
• The telegraph filled the
need
• Samuel Morse
demonstrated his “Morse
Code” and sent
messages across wires
• Soon telegraph
messages were flashed
back and forth from
Washington D.C. to
Baltimore
• The Associated Press
was created in 1848
• By 1853- There were
about 23,000 miles of
telegraph lines in the US
Agriculture
• Agricultural technology
allowed farmers to greatly
increase the size of the
harvests they produced
• There were few farmers
west of Missouri, Iowa, and
Minnesota
• These areas seemed too
difficult to farm
• Settlers worried their
wooden plows could not
break the prairie’s matted
sod
• Plus they thought the soil
was not fertile enough
1
Why were American farmers reluctant to cultivate large
areas in the Midwest?
A. They feared tornadoes
wiping out their crops
D. The border dispute with
Mexico made the Midwest unstable.
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0%
D
A
B
C
D
C
0%
A
C. They did not have access
to new markets in which to
sell their harvest
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
B. Their wooden plows
could not break through
the prairie sod.
Revolution in Agriculture
• 3 Revolutionary inventions
of the 1830s changed
farming methods and
encouraged settlers to
move west to farm
• 1. John Deere’s steel
tipped plow in 1837
• 2. The mechanical reaper
sped up harvesting of
wheat
• 3. The thresher quickly
separated the grain from
the stalk
McCormick’s Reaper
• Cyrus McCormick
designed and created the
mechanical reaper
• Made a fortune
manufacturing and selling
it
• Before McCormick’s
Reaper, farmers
harvested grain with
handheld sickles
• With McCormick’s
Reaper, farmers could
harvest grain much faster
• Now farmers could plant
more wheat and it
became very profitable
• This ensured raising
wheat would remain the
main economic activity in
the Midwestern prairies
Farming
• These new machines and
railroads allowed farmers to
devote more acres to cash
crops
• Midwestern farmers began
growing wheat as a cash
crop and shipping it to the
east
• Farmers in the Northeast
and Middle Atlantic
increased their production of
fruits and vegetables
• Despite improvements in
agriculture, the North turned
away from farming and
toward industry
• New England had rocky soil
and industry flourished
• The number of people
working in factories
continued to rise
What innovations in industry, travel,
and communications changed the
lives of Americans in the 1800s?
-Industry: Division of labor, factories
that used steam and water powered
machines, mass production
-Travel: locomotives, steamboats,
clipper ships, roads, canals, railroad
networks
-Communications: telegraph
Chapter 13 Section 1 Quiz
After industrialization, workers’
tasks changed.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
The sewing machine increased the rate
at which clothing was produced.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Canals made shipping goods
cheaper and faster
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
The increased number of canals and
railways slowed down the transportation of
agriculture.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
After the invention of revolutionary farming
methods, settlers left the Great Plains area.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
In the 1840s the pride of the
open seas were the
A. steam-powered
ships.
B. clipper ships.
C. iron-hulled ships.
D. prairie schooners.
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By 1860 the United States had
almost 31,000
A. clipper ships.
B. miles of telegraph
lines.
C. canals.
D. miles of railroad
tracks.
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Which invention filled the need for a method
of communication that kept up with the
industrial growth and fast-paced travel?
A. Morse code
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. telegraph
C. steam engine
D. railroads
What did John Deere invent in
1837?
A. the telegraph
B. the clipper ship
C. the steel-tipped
plow
D. Morse code
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An invention that ensured that raising wheat
would remain the main economic activity in
the Midwestern prairies was the
A. mechanical
25% 25% 25% 25%
reaper.
B. mechanical horse.
C. thresher.
D. steel-tipped plow.
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