Turkish Power System Overview
27-28 March 2012
TURKISH ELECTRICITY
TRANSMISSION CORPORATION
(TEIAS)
1
TURKISH POWER SYSTEM
- NUMBER OF SUBSTATIONS
LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINES
- 400 kV
78
- 400 kV
15830 km
- 220 kV
2
- 154 kV
32513 km
- 154 kV
520
- 220 kV
85 km
-
508 km
-
66 kV
TOTAL:
14
614 (103.100 MVA)
66 kV
- 154 kV and 400 kV cable length
- TOTAL
49.159 km
220 km
2
INSTALLED CAPACITY & PEAK LOAD
INSTALLED CAPACITY (DECEMBER 2011)
WIND
1687; 3,2%
THERMAL
HYDRO
WIND
OTHER RENEWABLES
: 53.235 MW
Renewable(hydro,wind,jeo.) : 36 %
Thermal
: 64%
OTHERS
115; 0,2%
HYDRO
17160; 32,3%
Installed Capacity
Peak Load (2010)
: 33.392 MW
Peak Load (2011 July)
: 36.122 MW
THERMAL
34210; 64,3%
3
GENERATION FOR 2011
Other Renewable,
1.051, 1%
Wind, 2.827, 1%
Fuel - Oil, 4.957, 2%
Coal, 2.047, 1%
Imported Coal, 14.481,
7%
Lignite, 35.647, 17%
Hydro, 51.518, 24%
Other
Thermal,
1.189, 1%
Total
: 229,3 TWh
Thermal
: 73,7 %
Renewable
: 26,3 %
Natural Gas, 96.569,
46%
4
CONSUMPTION
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Consumption
114,0 118,5 128,3 126,9 132,6 141,2 150,0 160,8 174,6 190,0
(TWh)
198,1
194,1
210,4
228
4,3
-2,0
8,4
9,0
İncrease (%)
8,1
3,9
8,3
-1,1
4,5
6,5
6,3
2005
7,2
2006
8,6
8,8
5
PEAK LOAD AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION 2001-2020
70000
450000
65000
400000
60000
55000
350000
50000
MW
40000
250000
35000
GWh
300000
45000
200000
30000
25000
150000
20000
100000
15000
10000
50000
5000
0
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
TÜKETİM (GWh)
SENARYO 1 ENERJİ TALEBİ
SENARYO 2 ENERJİ TALEBİ
PUANT YÜK (MW)
SENARYO 1 PUANT TALEP
SENARYO 2 PUANT TALEP
6
INTERCONNECTIONS (Existing Situation)
BULGARIA
145 km 400kV
136 km 400kV
GEORGIA
28 km 220kV
160km 400kV
ARMENIA
GREECE
130 km 400kV
80,7 km 154kV
40 MW
NAHCİVAN
87 km 154kV
IRAN
73 km 154kV
100 km 400kV
TÜRKİYE
IRAQ
400 kV Existing
400 kV Underconstruction
220 kV Existing
154 kV Existing
42 km 400kV
SYRIA
124 km 400kV
KKTC
7
7
PLAN FOR 2013
BULGARIA
145 km 400kV
136 km 400kV
If ENTSO-E
connection
will be
approved
GEORGIA
28 km 220kV
160km 400kV
ARMENIA
GREECE
130 km 400kV
80,7 km 154kV
40 MW
NAHCEVAN
87 km 154kV
40 MW
IRAN
73 km 154kV
100 km 400kV
TÜRKİYE
IRAQ
400 kV Existing
400 kV Underconstruction
220 kV Existing
154 kV Existing
42 km 400kV
SYRIA
124 km 400kV
KKTC
8
8
PLAN FOR 2015
BULGARIA
145 km 400kV
136 km 400kV
If ENTSO-E
connection
will be
approved
GEORGIA
28 km 220kV
160km 400kV
ARMENIA
GREECE
130 km 400kV
80,7 km 154kV
40 MW
NAHCEVAN
87 km 154kV
40 MW
IRAN
73 km 154kV
100 km 400kV
TÜRKİYE
IRAQ
400 kV Existing
400 kV Under Construction
220 kV Existing
154 kV Existing
42 km 400kV
SYRIA
124 km 400kV
KKTC
9
9
UCTE/ENTSO-E
•
Trial Run period started with ENTSO-E on 18th of
September 2010.
•
The first phase system stability tests approved by
ENTSO-E Planary Group on 8th of February.
•
Without any trade Import-Export tests for the second
phase found successfull by ENTSO-E.
•
The third phase (import-export with trade) related
with the synchronous parallel operation of Turkey
with European Power System started on 1th of June
2011 and it will be ended on September 2012.
•
Trade will be limited with 400 MW from Bulgaria and
Greece to Turkey; 300 MW from Turkey to Europe
via these countries.
10
POWER PLANTS CONNECTION REQUESTS( December 2011)
MW
HPP
TPP
WPP
POWER PLANTS CONNECTION REQUESTS
NGCCP
CAPACITY APPROVED BY TEİAŞ
CAPACITY HAS BEEN LICENCED BY EMRA
CAPACITY HAS CONNECTION AGREEMENT BY TEİAŞ
TOTAL
TOTAL
Other
4.741
2.528
24.250
7.838
39.357
10.114
5.066
5.765
2.715
23.660
6.473
3.464
5.715
6.391
28.267
21.328
11.058
35.730
16.944
85.060
11
INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE POWER PLANTS
The Turkey’s Parliament approved a new law 29 December 2010, on regulating the renewable
energy resources market in Turkey. The incentives which are applied for Renewable Power
Plants with the new law guarantees a price of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7.3 U.S. cents per kWh for wind energy and hydroelectric power,
10.5 US cents for geothermal energy and
13.3 US cents for energy from waste products and solar energy
These prices will cover energy firms that are established between May 13, 2005 and Dec.
31, 2015.
For energy purchases from companies founded later than Dec. 31, 2015, new prices defined
by the Cabinet will be implemented. The prices for the new companies will not exceed the
current figures, the law said.
In the event that operators use local equipment and technology in renewables energy
facilities, an additional support of 0.4 cents to 2.4 $ per kw will be provided for a five year
term to companies that started producing energy before the end of 2015.
The surplus generation from the renewables will be bought by the distribution companies for
ten years guarantee with the defined energy prices.
The law limits the total production of licensed solar energy with 600 MW until the year of 31
December 2013 and authorizes the cabinet to determine the limits afterwards.
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
-TOTAL AVAILABLE WIND POWER CAPACITY
CAN BE CONNECTED TO THE GRID?
1 NOVEMBER 2007
-EVALUATING OVERLAPPING WPP’S
APPLICATION?
?
SINGULAR APPLICATIONS
AND LICENCE – CONNECTION TO THE GRID
3500MW CAPACITY ALLOCATED
78.000 MW TOTAL OVERLLAPPING
APPLICATIONS
13
Wind Power Plants
14
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
TOTAL AVAILABLE WIND POWER CAPACITY CAN BE CONNECTED TO THE GRID?
TOTAL AVAILABLE WIND
POWER CAPACITY CAN
BE CONNECTED TO THE
NATIONAL GRID?
AVAİLABLE WIND POWER
CAPACITY CAN BE
CONNECTED TO THE
REGIONAL GRID?
AVAILABLE WIND POWER
CAPACITY CAN BE
CONNECTED TO THE
BUSBARS?
THE FACTORS
THAT LIMIT THE
CAPACITY OF THE
AVAILABLE WPP
CONNECTION TO
THE NATIONAL
GRID
• GENERATIONCONSUMPTION BALANCE
• FREQUENCY RESERVE
THE FACTORS
THAT LIMIT THE
CAPACITY OF THE
AVAILABLE WPP
CONNECTION TO
THE REGIONAL
GRID
• VARIATIONS OF POWER
FLOW
• REGIONAL ENERGY QUALITY
• ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS
FACTORS THAT
LIMIT THE
CAPACITY OF THE
AVAILABLE WPP
CONNECTION TO
THE BUSBARS
• ENERGY QUALITY
• SHORT CIRCUIT POWER ON
MEDIUM VOLTAGE LEVEL
15
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
DETERMINATION OF CONNECTABLE WİND POWER CAPACITY TO THE SYSTEM
•Evaluation of the available wind power capacity can be
connected to the system
•Power Flow studies
• Evaluation of wind variability on the effect of power
flow and local grid
•Planning the investment of basin substation and
transmission lines
16
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
-TOTAL AVAILABLE WIND POWER CAPACITY CAN BE CONNECTED TO THE GRID?
APPLIED APPROACHES IN THE WORLD
-Integration to the 1/3 ratio to the demand of system minimum
-Integration to the 25% ratio to the demand of system maximum
APPLICATION 78.000 MW
2013 Estimated Minimum
System Peak
2013 Estimated Maximum
System Peak
18.703 MW
46.757
6.727 MW (1/3 of Peak )
11.689 MW (25% of Peak)
17
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
DETERMINATION OF CONNECTABLE WİND POWER CAPACITY TO THE SYSTEM
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF WIND POWER
PLANTS ON GRID
- FAULT-RIDE TROUGH CAPABILITY OF WPP’S
-FLICKER (Turbulence/Output Power Source)
-VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION(Cause of Output
Power fluctuation and insufficient of reactive power
support)
Figure: Variable of wind generation
-HARMONICS( Cause of Power Electronic
Equipments)
18
Wind Power Plants
INSTALLED CAPACITY AND PEAK LOAD OF TURKEY ACCORDING TO THE YEARS
AND AVAILABLE RENEWABLE CAPACITY CAN BE CONNECTED TO THE SYSTEM
120000
100000
PEAK DEMAND
MW
80000
INSTALLED CAPACITY
60000
CONNECTABLE RENEWABLE
CAPACITY
40000
20000
0
YEARS
19
QUEUE MANAGEMENT OF WIND POWER PLANTS
•
Process:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The available capacity of substations for connecting wind powerplants
are published by TEİAS.
WPP applications are forwarded to TEIAS for studying connection
opportunities.
TEIAS gives its comment concerning the availability.If the application
is alone in the substation, EMRA gives license to those applications.
If there are multiple applications in one substation, compitition process
is done by TEIAS to determine the owner of the capacity.
After taking license the investor sign a connection agreement with
TEIAS.
Project will be approved by MENR. After the realization of the project
System Usage Agreement will be signed by TEIAS.
20
Competitions
competition
organisation
number of invited
companies
number of
substations
number of winner
companies
total connection
capacity (MW)
1
27
12
16
626
2
11
5
6
281
3
26
8
8
500
4
31
3
8
395
5
30
8
9
520
6
38
8
16
289,4
7
46
6
15
427
8
54
6
12
607
9
41
3
4
74
10
37
5
9
217
11
175
16
31
1199
12
33
4
7
198
13
47
3
6
166
TOTAL
596
87
147
5500
Weighted average of the competition prices is 1,91 kurus/kwh
21
Winner prices and installed capacities
Winner prices according to installed capacity
481 MW
%9
0 - 0,5
krş/kWh
728 MW
%13
0,5-1
krş/kWh
2215,7 MW
%40
1-2
krş/kWh
2-3
krş/kWh
3-4
krş/kWh
816,6 MW
%15
4-5
krş/kWh
225,5 MW
%4
605,5 MW
%11
427 MW
%8
5krş/kWh
22
Future Problems
• What will be the operation problems if ~11000 MW wind power plant will be
in service ?
• Wind applications are concentrated in west side of Turkey. This will cause
excessive voltage changes in the region
• Effective regional voltage control ;
• Effective secondary reserve control
• Effective ENTSO-E interconnection tie line control will be needed
• All these issues can be managed by an effective wind forecast and
monitoring system
23
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
FAULT RIDE THROUGH CAPABILITY of WPPS
Existed regulation Annex-18
New regulation for wind
1.0
U, Line Voltage(p.u)
0.9
1
0.7
2
0.45
Wind turbines do not trip
above this line
0
150
700
1500
3000
Time, milisecond
24
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
REACTIVE POWER CAPABILITY
Existed regulation Annex-18
Total Active Power (pu)
New regulation for wind
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
PF 0.95 capacitive
0.6
PF 0.95 enductive
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
PF 0.835 capacitive
PF 0.835 enductive
0.1
0
-0.4
0.1 pu under output power (total active power) ,
Reactive power capacity is not checked.
-0.3
-0.2
Under Excited Region
-0.1
0
Total Reactive Power (pu)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Over Excited Region
25
WPP INTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE GRID
AVAILABLE WIND POWER CAPACITY CAN BE CONNECTED TO THE BUSBARS?
According to the Transmission System Supply
Reliability And Quality Regulation in the third section
Generation Connection Principles - Design Principles of
Generation
Facility
Switchyards
defined
that
“Connection of generation facility based on wind energy
is permitted for a capacity up to 5 % of the system short
circuit power at the connection point ”
For example, A substation, minumum3 ϕ Short
Circuit Power is
Sk=3000 MVA
Available wind power capacity for this busbar is
3000x5/100 = 150 MW
- New regulation which will be published in
the near future, IEC 61400 standarts are
applied to determine available wind power
capacity
26
Solar Energy in Turkey
27
Connection points for solar Power Plants
•
The capacity of 600MW for Solar Power plants has been approved by TEIAS according to regions.
Regions
Number of
substations
1
KONYA
8
2
KONYA
5
3
VAN
AĞRI
5
4
ANTALYA
6
5
ANTALYA
8
6
KARAMAN
3
7
MERSİN
7
8
KAHRAMAN
MARAŞ
ADIYAMAN
CAPACITY(MW)
46
46
77
29
29
38
35
9
10
NİĞDE
NEVŞEHİR
AKSARAY
3
26
4
26
11
KAYSERİ
6
25
12
MALATYA
ADIYAMAN
13
HAKKARİ
14
MUĞLA
AYDIN
15
ISPARTA
AFYON
16
DENİZLİ
17
BİTLİS
18
BİNGÖL
TUNCELİ
19
ŞIRNAK
20
ADANA
OSMANİYE
27
9
BURDUR
Regions
6
22
21
MUŞ
22
SİİRT
BATMAN
MARDİN
Number of
substations
2
8
21
20
7
18
3
2
4
3
18
16
11
11
4
9
1
9
5
9
23
SİVAS
1
24
ELAZIĞ
5
25
ŞANLIURFA
DİYARBAKIR
1
26
ERZURUM
3
27
ERZİNCAN
2
TOTAL
CAPACITY(MW)
9
8
7
121
5
3
600
*Applications has to sellect the most nearest substation for system connection according to the regulations
28
Hydraulic Power Plants Capacities in North East Region (In Operation &Planned)
1500
MW
2500
MW
2500
MW
29
Thank you for your attention
30