– In the 1800’s, industrialized powers greatly
expanded their empires.
– Great Britain took control of India, and
European nations occupied much of Africa
Imperialism Test Review
Topics to know for the Test
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Motives for the New Imperialism
Forms of Imperialism
Imperialism in Africa
Imperialism in Muslim Lands
Imperialism in India
White
Man’s
Burden
Need for
raw
materials
Economic
Cheap
Labor
Social
Darwinism
Social
Motives for
New
Imperialism
New
Markets
Nationalism
Bases to
protect
investments
Military
Increased
nations
power
Forms of
Imperialism
Colonies
A country or a
territory governed
internally by a
foreign power
Protectorate
A country or a territory
with its own internal
gov’t but under the
control of an outside
power
Sphere of
Influence
An area in which an
outside power claims
exclusive trading
privileges
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
• Local government
officials used
• Limited self-rule
• Government institutions
are based on European
styles but may have
some local rules
Direct Control
• Foreign officials
brought in to rule
• No self-rule
• Government institutions
are based only on
European styles
Africa Before Imperialism
• Geographic barriers
had limited European
colonization of Africa
– Inland travel was
difficult
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Sahara Desert
Highlands,
steep cliffs
Europeans could not
navigate rivers
– Many waterfalls and
rapids
– Presence of diseases
such as Malaria
Quinine
Drug that was
developed to protect
against Malaria
Steamships
Allowed Europeans to
travel up rivers
Superior
Military
technology
Small European forces
could defeat much
larger numbers of
Africans
Tools of
European
Imperialism
Improved
Communications
Maintain close contact
between colony and
controlling nation
Divides
Africa
between
European
Powers
Berlin
Conference
Ignores
traditional
African
ethnic
boundaries
African
nations
eventually
gain
independence
in 2nd half
of 20th
century
Conflicts
and Civil
Wars
British Interests in Africa
• Suez Canal
– Egypt built a canal
connecting the
Mediterranean with
the Red Sea
• Reduced time to
travel from Europe
to the Indian Ocean
– Egyptian government
was unstable
• Britain made Egypt a
protectorate to
protect their
interests in the canal
Imperialism in Muslim Lands
• Ottoman Empire was an Empire in
decline but controlled important
geopolitical locations
• Russia frequently had conflicts with the
Ottoman Empire because they wanted
warm water ports on the Black Sea
“The Great Game”
• Conflicts
between
Russia and
Britain over
land in central
Asia
European Interest in Muslim
Lands
• Discovery of oil in
Persia and and the
Arabian peninsula
increased European
interest in the
Middle East
Positives of British
Rule
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Negatives of British
Rule
• Indian resources are
New roads and Railroads
removed from India and
link India
sent to Britain
Telegraph and Postal
• Indians forced to buy
systems unite people in
British made goods
India
instead of local made
Irrigation systems
products
improve farming
• Farms grow cash crops
New laws mean justice
rather than food crops
for all people
• Indians are treated as
Exposure to western
inferior
education
• British try to replace
Customs that threatened
Indian culture with
Human rights ended
western culture
Indians felt they
were treated as
2nd class citizens
Barred from top
jobs in Indian Civil
Service
Rise of
Nationalism
in India
Paid less than
British workers
Wanted more of a
say in government