AIM: What were the motives of
Imperialism?
IMPERIALISM
DO NOW:
Rudyard Kipling
“The White Man’s
Burden” 1899
“Take up the White Man’s burden –
In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
and check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain,
to seek another’s profit,
and work another’s gain.”
What are the
duties of imperial
nations?
NEW IMPERIALISM
• Imperialism: the domination by one country of the
political, economic or cultural life of another country of
region.
*European imperialism began in 1492 but changed in the
1800s!
IMPERIALISM ROLE-PLAY
ACTIVITY
Unit essential question: How did
Western industrial powers gain global
powers?
AIM: HOW DID WESTERN NATIONS COME TO
DOMINATE MUCH OF THE WORLD IN THE
LATE 1800S?
Do now: Quiz - Nationalism
MOTIVES
•
E XPLORATORY
•
M
•
P OLITICAL
•
I DEOLOGICAL
•
R ELIGIOUS
•
E CONOMIC
•
S OCIAL DARWINISM
*What factors contributed to European imperialism in the
1800s?
RAPID SPREAD OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM
•
1. Weakness of NonWestern States: several
older civilizations were in
decline while European
nations grew stronger
•
2. Western Advantages:
strong economies, wellorganized governments,
powerful armies & navies,
superior technology, new
medicines
COMPARING VIEWPOINTS
•
“I contend that we are the
first race in the world and
that the more of the world
we inhabit the better it is for
the human race. I contend
that every acre added to our
territory provides for the birth
of more of the English race,
who otherwise would not be
brought into existence…I
believe it to be my duty to
God, my Queen and my
country to paint the whole
map of Africa red, red from
the Cape to Cairo. That is my
creed, my dream, and my
mission.
-Cecil Rhodes
•
“A Pink Cheek man came
one day to our Council…and
he told us of the King of the
Pink Cheek who..lived in a
land over the seas. ‘This
great king is now your king,’
he said. This was strange
news. For this land was
ours…We had no king, we
elected our Councils and
they made our laws. With
patience, our leading Elders
tried to tell this to the Pink
Cheek…But at the end he
said, ‘This we know, but in
spite of this what I have told
you is a fact. You have not a
king…and his laws are your
laws.”
-Chief Kabongo (Kenya)
FORMS OF IMPERIAL
RULE
•
Direct rule: officials and
soldiers sent to administer
colonies (FRENCH)
•
Indirect rule: westernized &
groomed local chiefs, rulers,
sultans encouraged
education of the ruling
country (BRITISH)
•
Protectorate: local rulers
were left in place but were
advised to follow European
instruction.
•
Spheres of influence: area in
which an outside power
claimed exclusive
investment or trading
privileges.
AIM: HOW DID IMPERIALIST EUROPEAN
POWERS CLAIM CONTROL OVER MOST OF
AFRICA BY THE END OF THE 1800S?
Do now: What does EMPIRES stand
for? What was the ‘White Man’s
Burden’?
colonies (inferiorless developed
areas) are
imperialized
(controlled) by
superior countries

Africa
had an
abundance of
minerals,
commercial crops
and favorable land
that industrialized
countries wanted.
Twice
AN EASY TARGET
(1800S)
the size of Europe
Northern
Africa: (fertile
land) ruled by the
declining Ottoman
Empire
West
Africa: Islamic
crusades; welcome
European control to help
against Asante rule
(tributary rule)
East
Africa: ivory, copper,
slaves
South
Africa: Zulu vs. Boer
(Dutch descendants
against British rule)
MISSIONARIES
FOLLOWED EXPLORERS
“If it be friendship you
desire, then I am ready
for it…but be your
subject, I cannot be…I
do not fall at your feet,
for you are God’s
creature just as I am.”
-Chief Machemba to
German officer
BERLIN
CONFERENCE 1884
 King
Leopold II “carry
the light…to help men
away from barbarism”
 true goal: conquest
& profit
 To
avoid bloodshed,
European powers met;
no Africans were
invited
 Redrew the entire
map of Africa
without regard for
tradition or
boundaries
The Scramble for Africa
Belgians
exploited riches (copper, ivory, rubber,
villagers) in the Congo
France
invaded & conquered the greatest amount
in Africa, killing thousands. Their empire included
parts of the West, North & Central regions.
Britain
was scattered, but took another large
portion.
Boer War (1899-1902) guerrilla warfare, but British
won at a great cost
Setup a government system of racial
segregation within South Africa (1910)=
apartheid
Portuguese,
Germans, & Italians soon followed
taking land as well.
TWO CAN PLAY AT THAT
GAME..
Reformed
ruler, Melenik II,
modernized Ethiopia
Setup roads, bridges
Imported new weapons
Trained his army
Italian
invaders were crushed (1896)
at the Battle of Adwa
Only
African nation, besides Liberia
to keep independence
EXIT QUESTION
•
In what ways was the Berlin Conference
and 19th century Imperialism detrimental
to the African people? What effect did
the drawing of borders at the
Conference have on African natives?
AIM: HOW DID EUROPEAN
NATIONS EXTEND THEIR
POWER INTO MUSLIM
REGIONS OF THE WORLD?
Do Now: What is the
‘Muslim World’?
(1700’s) All three Muslim empires are at a decline:
 Corruption
 Muslim scholars & religious leaders allied with the
state to go against the government
 Loss of central government
EUROPEAN
IMPERIALISM
 Through diplomacy & military threats, European
powers won treaties giving favorable trading
terms.
PROBLEMS FOR OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
 (1800s) pashas: provincial rulers increased in power
 Economic problems & corruption
 The multiethnic empire = Nationalist revolts break out  Egypt
slipped from their control
 Russia wanted control of Ottoman empire straits that linked to
Mediterranean Sea
 Britain wanted Russia’s goal and feared loss of land to India
 Germany built from Berlin to Baghdad a railway to expand their
empire (1898)
 Ottoman’s westernization= population & sultans (rulers) were
against using a foreign culture
 Sultan is overthrown by Young Turks
 Armenian Genocide: Muslim Turks v Christian Armenians
MUHAMMAD ALI
“FATHER OF
MODERN EGYPT”
 Improving tax collection
 Large irrigation system= increase
farm output
 Expanded cotton production=
increased Egypt’s world trade
 Built a well-trained army
 Conquered neighboring lands of
Arabia, Syria, & Sudan
 Egypt became major Middle Eastern
power
SUEZ CANAL (WATERWAY IN EGYPT)
Connects Red Sea & Med.
Sea, shortening route to
Europe
High interest rates
 Egypt’s ruler unable to
pay sell shares in the canal
to Britain
Egypt became a protectorate
of Britain and modernized
under their policies
Nationalist discontent grew
PERSIA & EUROPEAN
POWERS
• Qajar helped modernized (1794-1925)
• Russia wanted to protect its southern territory & Britain
wanted India
• Spheres of influence developed
• Oil fields grew interest
• Concessions: special rights
• Soldiers were sent to prevent any revolt
Some Persians wanted to westernize, others did not
ACTIVITY
David Letterman – Top 10 List
Aim: How did Britain gradually extend
its control over India despite its
opposition?
Do Now: Define exploitation.
Explain the Hindu belief system of
India.
BRITISH COLONIAL INDIA 1765-1805
*Note: The British
territory is colored
pink on the map.
1765
1805
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Mughal emperor
Aurangzeb and
Royal Hunting Party
THE BRITISH EAST INDIA
COMPANY 1837-1857
East India Company
military officer and
his Indian assistant,
1770
BRITISH COLONIAL INDIA 1837-1857
1837
1857
SEPOYS: INDIAN SOLDIERS
Sepoy Infantryman,
1819
Madras Cavalry of British
India, 1845
REBELLION OF 1857
Attack of the Mutineers at Lucknow, July 30, 1857
SPREAD OF
THE
REBELLION
A BRITISH
PERSPECTIVE
“A single shelf of a good European
library is worth the whole native
literature of India and Arabia.”
-Thomas Macaulay
Cartoon from Punch
Magazine
September 1857
VOCAB WORDS
•
Sati: a Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper
classes where a widow would join her husband in
death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.
•
Sepoys: Indian soldiers in the East India Company that
had to serve anywhere, either in India or overseas.
•
Viceroy: a British man in India who governed in the
name of the queen.
•
Deforestation: cutting of trees
•
Purdah: the isolation of women in separate quarters.
BLESSING….
OR
Medical improvements
Railway systems->
communication, trade travel
• Nationalism --
*not for all---Muslims and
Hindus separate from their
original thought  Muslim
league 1906
• Education improved
• Civil service jobs- Brits had
best though
• Military
• Some landowners made
profit from the selling of
crops
•
•
CURSE….?
•
•
Market & source of
raw materials.==
deforestation (neg) &
over pop famine +
higher taxes to
occupy british troops
Ram mohun roydisliked separation of
women in separate
quarters
ACTIVITY: NEWSPAPER
Directions: Create a front page of a
newspaper either from the British
point of view or Indian point of view.
Be sure to include images and text.