Crusades in the Holy Land
Reconquista and Inquisition
1050 Popes urged Christians to drive Muslims from Spain in movement called Reconquista 1085 Christians recapture city of Toledo in first major victory of Reconquista Pope Urban II calls for a Crusade to free Jerusalem 1095 First Crusade successfully captures Jerusalem 1096 -­‐99 Muslims counterattack and re-­‐take Edessa 1144 Second Crusade led by Louis VII of France fails due to arguing of Crusader leaders 1147 -­‐49 Muslim leader Saladin recaptures Jerusalem 1187 “Crusade of Kings” led by Richard Lionheart ends in truce w ith Saladin in which Muslims keep 1189 -­‐92 control of Jerusalem Crusaders loot and damage Constantinople 1204 1231 1236 Crusades end w ith the defeat of the last Crusader State-­‐falls to Muslims Pope Gregory IX founds Inquisition to find and judge heretics in Europe Christians capture Muslim city of Cordoba 1291 1469 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella’s marriage unites Spain’s largest Catholic kingdoms and Spanish Inquisition begins Fall of Granada ends Reconquista and Jews and Muslims are banished from Spain