Jihad
2
Sequence
Concepts
 Various Kinds of Jihad
 History and Issues
 Is Jihad Terrorism
 Epilogue

3
Outline

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What is Islam about?
Definition of Jihad
Jihad in Islamic Terminology
Aim of Jihad
Elements of Jihad
Levels of Jihad
Significance of Jihad
War in Islam
Jihad and Terrorism
Roots of Fundamentalism
Concepts

Meaning from Arabic “Juhd”
 Dictionary:
Struggle, striving
 Practical : A determined struggle in the cause
of good
“Jihad

fi Sabilillah”
Can be termed as struggle of various types
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Concepts
Cont…

A person engaged in jihad is called a
Mujahid, the plural is Mujahideen

In Modern Standard Arabic, term jihad is
used for a struggle for any cause, violent or
non-violent, religious or secular
 Sixth pillar of Islam.
(According to some Sunni scholars)
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Concepts
cont….
As Military Warfare (Qittal)
 With certain conditions and practice it is
termed as Jihad bi-saif

The term Jihad is generally used in fiqh
manuals in reference to military combat
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Quranic View

Indeed believers are those who hold
belief in Allah and His messenger
(PBUH).Then do not have any doubt
and wage jihad in the cause of Allah
with their property and life…”
(Al-Hujraat : 15)
Further explained in Al-Nissa-74,95 , AlInfaal-9,10,17,Al-Tauba-19 to 22
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In Ahadiths,

Reference 1:
 Hazrat
Abu Qatada (RA) Muslim,Kitabul Amara,Bab
min Katal Fi Sabillillah

Reference 2 :
 Hazrat
Abdullah bin Masud (RA) Bukhari, Kitab ul
Jihad, Bab Fazlul Jihad.
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Objectives as described in Quran

According to verses [Qur'an 8:39], the
Qur'an implies two objectives:
 Uproot
fitnah (‫)فتنة‬
 Establish supremacy of Islam in the world
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What is Islam about?
Islam= s-l-m; Peace, Submission,
Salvation
 Order, Harmony, and Integrity
 Within one’s soul and society

Definition of Jihad
Jihad=J-h-d; to strive, to achieve a goal
 Jihad in Islam

 To
strive in the way of God
 To use all physical, intellectual, and spiritual
resources for God
 To struggle to win God’s pleasure and love
Aim of Jihad
To be purified of sins
 To attain true humanity
 To achieve order peace and harmony
within the soul and society

Two Elements of Jihad
Spreading the Word of God
 Enjoining Good, Forbidding Evil

Significance of Jihad



Sixth/Fifth pillar of Islamic practice
Problems in translations
“O you who believe! Do your duty to Allah and
fear Him. Seek the means of approach to Him,
and strive hard in His Cause as much as you can.
So that you may be successful.” (Maide, 35)
War in Islam


War= Only when inevitable, when preaching is
prevented, when Muslims are oppressed
No transgression (2:190)
 "Do
not burn a plant, nor cut a tree, nor kill an
older man, a young child, or a woman... nor
monastery dwellers… in the territory of
combatants." 2:190 Fight in the cause of God those
who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for God
loveth not transgressors.
Roots of Fundamentalism
What is fundamentalism?
 Theological basis

- 9:36, 2:190

Historical roots
- Colonialism, resistance and revivalists
movements

Social situation
 Lack
of Education, Poverty, Fragmentation
Pickthall (9/36)
Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day
that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right
religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are
waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).
Urdu
‫خدا کے نزدیک مہینے گنتی میں )بارہ ہیں یعنی( اس روز )سے( کہ اس نے آسمانوں اور زمین کو پیدا کیا۔ کتاب خدا میں‬
‫)برس کے( بارہ مہینے )لکھے ہوئے( ہیں۔ ان میں سے چار مہینے ادب کے ہیں۔ یہی دین )کا( سیدھا راستہ ہے۔ تو ان‬
‫)مہینوں( میں )قتال ناحق سے( اپنے آپ پر ظلم نہ کرنا۔ اور تم سب کے سب مشرکوں سے لڑو جیسے وہ سب کے سب تم‬
‫سے لڑتے ہیں۔ اور جان رکھو کہ خدا پرہیز گاروں کے ساتھ ہے‬
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Various Types of
Jihad, its level and
Different views
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Jihad is an Economy
Jihad
Self
Finance
Pen
Qittal
Lisan
Social
Economy
Distribution
of Wealth
Education
War
Economy
Media
Various Types of Jihad
Jihad
bil Maal
Jihad bil Qalum (pen)
Jihad bil Saif (Qital)

Greatest is Jihad bil Nafs (Jihad-e-Akbar)
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Jihad bil-ma’al

Wealth is given by Allah and it should be
spent in His way

Necessary source for every Jihad

If everyone cant participate physically,
they can participate financially
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Jihad bil-Qalum (Pen)

To fight with pen

Against ignorance, Illiteracy, Social evils

Mental persuasion for teachings of Islam

Superior to Jihad bil Maal
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Jihad bi-na’fs
Fighting with inner self against the evils
 Because ,Rightness of all actions depends
on precision of inner-self

 It
means controlling evil desires of Nafs-eAmmara (Evil Self)
Requires the greatest efforts
 Superior to all kinds of Jihads

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JIHAD AL-AKBAR


The highest kind of jihad is to strive against
one's self and restrain oneself from evil desires
Quran say's
“And those who strive in Our cause. We will certainly guide
them in Our paths,For verily Allah is with those who do
right.”

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) once said
“the best jihad is that one does against one's self and
desires
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Jihad bil Saif (Qital)

A distinctive feature of Islam

Jihad in the form of warfare

High honor for Shaheed and Ghazi

Option of last resort

Concept became debatable in these days
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Jihad as warfare (Qitaal)

In the Qur’an the term used for this form of Jihad
is Qittaal

The only form of warfare permissible under in
Islamic jurisprudence

May be declared against :
 Apostates,
 Rebels,
 Violent Groups,
 Non-Muslim combatants,
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Rules for Jihad

Classical manuals of Islamic jurisprudence,
the rules regarding armed warfare are
covered at great length.
 Not
killing women, children and noncombatants
 Not
to damage cultivated or residential areas
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Levels of Jihad
 Three
levels:

Personal: That of the soul

Verbal: Raising one's voice in the name of Allah on
behalf of justice.


"The most excellent jihad is the speaking of truth in the
face of a tyrant" (Hadith)
Physical: Combat waged in defense against
oppression and transgression.

Profoundly misunderstood in today's world.
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Various Views about Jihad
Jihad has been classified by sunni scholars as

Jihād al-akbar
 (the
greater jihad), the struggle against one's soul
(nafs),

Jihād al-asghar
 (the
lesser jihad), the external, physical effort, often
implying fighting

Similar view of the shiite scholars about Jihad
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Another view

The Hanbali scholars believe that
"internal Jihad" is important but they
suggests those Hadith as weak which
consider "Jihad of the heart/soul" to be
more important than "Jihad by the sword".
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History of Jihad
Driving forces and
Issues
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History

Righteous Caliphate
 Against

Zakat refusers, Apostates
Umayyad (661-750)
 Samarqand,Bukhara,Spain,Sindh

Abbasid (750-1258)
 Crusades
(1095-1270)
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Cont….

Ottoman (1299-1923)
 Constantinople(1452)

Sub Continent :
 Tarain
(1192)
 Mughals 1526 -1757
 Mysore(1782-1799)
 Balakot (1831)
 War of Independence
 Kashmir(1948 and 1987)
 Afghanistan (1980s).
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Driving Forces

Jihad should not be undertaken
 To
gratify one’s whims, nor to obtain wealth and riches.
 To conquer territories and rule them ,to acquire fame
 to appease the emotions of communal support, and
hostility.

On the contrary, it should be undertaken only for
the cause of Allah as is evident from the words. As
in Qur'an:
 Those
who believe, fight in the cause of Allah, and those
who disbelieve, fight in the cause of Satan. So fight you
against the friends of Satan.
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Propaganda against Jihad

Ad hoc definitions of US of jihad :

Individuals involved in terrorist activities
 'holy
war‘ the use of violence, including paramilitary
action against persons, governments deemed to be
enemies of the fundamentalist version of Islam.”
 'violent
jihad' or 'jihad' include planning, preparing for,
and engaging in, acts of physical violence, including
murder, damaging, kidnapping, and hostage-taking.
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Cont…

In West ,specially in US the term Jihadist,
technically is referred
A
derogatory term of Mujahid
 Frequently used to describe militant Islamic
groups
 Not restricted to Islamic terrorism
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Issues

Qital: When does it become obligatory?

permission of State required or not

Qital: Defensive (Difai) or Offensive (Iqdami)?

Qital: Obligatory on all or on few?

“Jihadist:” Western attempts at defaming Jihad
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Conclusion



This is one of the fundamentals of Islam and it is
a great worship.
Adversaries of Islam has restricted this word to
the narrow meaning of “war against the enemies
of religion.
The word jihad contains in itself the broad
significant activities striving without which no
movement has either succeeded in the past or
can succeed in the future.
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Conclusion

A unique worship

Ijtihad in essence of Johad is needed

Negative propaganda to be countered
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‫;‪Warfare is ordained for you, though it is hateful unto you‬‬
‫‪but it may happen that ye hate a thing which is good for‬‬
‫‪you, and it may happen that ye love a thing which is bad for‬‬
‫)‪you. Allah knoweth, ye know not. (02/216‬‬
‫مسلمانو( تم پر )خدا کے رستے میں( لڑنا فرض کردیا گیا ہے وہ تمہیں ناگوار تو‬
‫ہوگا مگر عجب نہیں کہ ایک چیز تم کو بری لگے اور وہ تمہارے حق میں‬
‫بھلی ہو اور عجب نہیں کہ ایک چیز تم کو بھلی لگے اور وہ تمہارے لئے‬
‫مضر ہو۔ اور ان باتوں کو( خدا ہی بہتر جانتا ہے اور تم نہیں جانتے‬
‫‪41‬‬
Pickthall
O Prophet! Exhort the believers to fight. If there be of you twenty
steadfast they shall overcome two hundred, and if there be of you a
hundred (steadfast) they shall overcome a thousand of those who
disbelieve, because they (the disbelievers) are a folk without
intelligence. Surat Al-'Anfāl /65
‫ اے نبی! مسلمانوں کو جہاد کی ترغیب دو۔ اور اگر تم بیس آدمی ثابت قدم رہنے والے ہوں‬
‫گے تو دو سو کافروں پر غالب رہیں گے۔ اور اگر سو )ایسے( ہوں گے تو ہزار پر غالب‬
‫رہیں گے۔ اس لیے کہ کافر ایسے لوگ ہیں کہ کچھ بھی سمجھ نہیں رکھتے‬
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