Go to
http://illuminations.nctm.org/LessonDet
ail.aspx?id=L396
READ the DIRECTIONS
Try Path 1 and Path 2
Then figure out the shortest path to the
pond
Website on piece of paper at your desk
How to program the shortest path
Press “clear” to erase
 To create a new path,

adjust the length by using the blue sliders
 press the "forward", "back", or "turn" buttons
to have it placed in the programming area
 Click “draw” to make it draw

Cryptography?
Answers to our take home packet
 Selection of prizes

"Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once."
What numbers occur most
frequently in the ciphertext?

Frequency analysis is the process by
which the frequency of a letter in an
encoded messages is compared with the
frequency of letters in English words.
What numbers occur most
frequently in the ciphertext?

For instance, the letter E occurs most
often in English words, so if the letter W
occurs most often in ciphertext, then it is
likely that E has been replaced by W.
See Handout
Using the Frequency Table Decode
this Message
Which letter is used the most?

TFNRIUJ UZV
DREP
KZDVJ
SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ;
KYV
MRCZREK
EVMVI
KRJKV
FW
UVRKY
SLK
FETV.
Using the Frequency Table Decode
this Message
Which letter is used the most?

TFNRIUJ UZV
DREP
KZDVJ
SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ;
KYV
MRCZREK
EVMVI
KRJKV
FW
UVRKY
SLK
FETV.
Using the Frequency Table Decode
this Message
Which letter is used the most? The next most used letter?

TFNRIUJ UZV
DREP
KZDVJ
SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ;
KYV
MRCZREK
EVMVI
KRJKV
FW
UVRKY
SLK
FETV.
Using the Frequency Table Decode
this Message
Which letter is used the most? The next most used letter?

TFNRIUJ UZV
DREP
KZDVJ
SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ;
KYV
MRCZREK
EVMVI
KRJKV
FW
UVRKY
SLK
FETV.
Realign
ABCDEFGHI J KLMNOPKRSTUVWXYZ
J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I
l
"Cowards die many times before
their deaths; the valiant never taste
of death but once."
Caesar Cipher
Caesar Cipher
Coded
English
Caesar Cipher Starter
Caesar Cipher Starter

Standard Alphabet:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Caesar Alphabet:
XYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW
Caesar Cipher Starter answers

Message One
PMFBP PBKA PBZOBQ JBPPXDBP.
SPIES SEND SECRET MESSAGES.
 Message Two
QEB XOJV FP LK QEB JLSB.
THE ARMY IS ON THE MOVE.
 Message Three
QELJXP GBCCBOPLK ABPFDKBA X
PRYPQFQRQFLK ZFMEBO.
THOMAS JEFFERSON DESIGNED A
SUBSTITUTION CIPHER.
Easy Decode
Easy Decode Answers
Can
Read
You
This
Secret
Message
Intermediate Decode
Intermediate Decode
Message One
UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI
QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX.
 Hint: HINT: Look for a pattern that would
fit the word "PEOPLE."
 UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI
QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX.

Intermediate Decode
Hint: HINT: Look for a pattern that would
fit the word "PEOPLE."
 UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI
QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX.
Set UJTUQJ =
PEOPLE
 Try converting UJTUQJ

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
VWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
 FQQ using the same code would = all
Intermediate Decode

Try converting FWTZSI
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
K L MN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J

Since it doesn’t match, you know the other is correct
Intermediate Decode Answers

Message One
UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI
QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX.

People All Around The World Like To
Solve Puzzles.
Intermediate #2
Message Two
MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI
MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS.
 HINT: The word "SOME" appears twice
in this sentence.

Intermediate #2
Message Two
MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI
MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS.
 HINT: The word "SOME" appears twice
in this sentence.

ABCDEFGHI J K LMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
GHI J KLMNOPQRST UVWXYZABCDEF
Let MIGY= SOME
Intermediate #2

Message Two
MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI
MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS.

Some Puzzles Can Bb Hard To Solve,
But Some Are Easy.
Intermediate #3

Message Three
QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF
CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB
QB?
Intermediate #3
Message Three
QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF
CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB
QB?
 HINT: Three words in a row begin with
"TH."

Intermediate #3
Message Three
QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF
CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB
QB?
 HINT: Three words in a row begin with
"TH.“

ABCDEFGHI J K LMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
N OPQ RSTU V W XYZ AB C D EFG H I J KLM
Let GU = TH
Intermediate #3

Message Three
QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF
CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB
QB?

Did You Think That This Puzzle Was
Hard Or Easy To Do?
Advanced

Message
1. LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD NU KJQU TE HV
LUOUBJR EJBFL.

2. KEON MEGS FCHS IK HBWRKJ QX BGJKG SB OBFK SB E
OBFMWKSK HBWCSQBX.

3. VGT OANRV UZNV WO VGAR UFKKBT AR RWBHADX VGT
LNQUVWXNZCR VGT CRTBHTR.

4. IMQC XRK TKOC AMCMWTDIM CBM FMXNRWA KOMA CR
TDQ CBM PHZBPGMC.

5. TNUJTH, HKA QAUJ ZRLAFX KAJ JCX SKFW AUXW ZKF
JCX UXJJROL.
Advanced: Step 1
Decode each sentence
LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD
NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR EJBFL.
 The give away is the letter “J” –what are
the only stand alone letters/words in the
English language


I or A
Advanced: Step 1
Decode each sentence
LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU
KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR
EJBFL.
 Set J = I

ABCDEFGHI J K LMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ZABCDEFGHI J K LMNOPQRSTUVWXY

Pick something to test. For example
does TE = SD make sense?
Advanced: Step 1
Decode each sentence
LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU
KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR
EJBFL.
 Set J = A

ABCDEFGHI J K LMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
R S T U V WX Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O PQ

Pick something to test. For example
does TE = KV make sense?
Making Interactive PPT and EXCEL

Examples of Excel
In Excel
Secret Messages
 Plot the Secret Location

See Handouts for Directions
Answers:
Secret messages
Plot the location
Interactive PPT

Examples of PPT
Remainder of Time Visit




America's Crypto Kids (K-12)
National Security Agency (NSA)
http://www.nsa.gov/kids/
CIA Kids’ Page (K-12)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
https://www.cia.gov/kids-page/index.html
FBI Kids’ Page
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
http://www.fbi.gov/fbikids.htm
Future State
U.S. Department of States
http://www.future.state.gov/
Ready Kids
Department of Homeland Security
http://www.ready.gov/kids/home.html
http://www.eschoolnews.tv/
 http://cryptoclub.math.uic.edu/shiftcipher/
shiftcipher.htm
