 Was
given to the U.S. by
France to celebrate their 100
years of American
Independence from Great
Britain.
 President Grover Cleveland
officially dedicated it on
October 28, 1886.
Main Idea
Immigration from Europe, Asia, the
Caribbean, and Mexico reached a new
high in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
Why it Matters Now
This wave of immigration helped make the
United States the diverse society it is
today.

From which parts of the world
did immigrants come to the
U.S?
• Europe-Italy, Hungary, &
Russia;Japan and China; Jamaica,
Cuba, Puerto Rico. Mexico.

For what reason did they
journey to America?
• Religious persecution, rising
populations, jobs, some searched
for gold.
• “Birds of Passage”-temporary
stay, then return home
Golden Door
Europeans
1870-1920
20 million
Chinese/Japanese
1851-1884
300,000/200,000
West Indies/Mexico
1880-1920
260,000/700,000
Southern/Western Europe
Religious persecution
Rising population
jobs
Hawaii opened door for
Japanese
Settled on the West Coast
Chinese-Search for Gold
Worked on railroads
Settled in the Southwest
jobs

What difficulties did
immigrants face on their
journey to the United
States?
• Immigrants crowded
together in steerage on
ships. They were unable
to exercise or catch a
breath of fresh air.
Disease would spread
quickly and many
immigrants died before
they reached their
destinations.
Angel
Island
Difficult
Journey
Ellis
Island
ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK
HARBOR
ANGEL ISLAND WAS CONSIDERED
MORE HARSH THAN ELLIS ISLAND

How did the Chinese Exclusion Act and
the Gentlemen’s Agreement limit Asian
immigration?
• The Chinese Exclusion Act banned entry
to all Chinese except students, teachers,
merchants, tourists, and government
officials. In the Gentlemen’s Agreement,
Japan’s government agreed to limit
immigration of unskilled workers to the
U.S., in exchange for the repeal of the San
Francisco segregation order.



While some immigrants tried to
assimilate into American
culture, others kept to
themselves and created ethnic
communities
Committed to their own culture,
but also trying hard to become
Americans, many came to think
of themselves as ItalianAmericans, Polish-Americans,
Chinese-Americans, etc
Some native born Americans
disliked the immigrants
unfamiliar customs and
languages – friction soon
developed
Chinatowns are found in many
major cities
Nativism
Restrictions
Gentlemen’s
Agreement
Chinese
Exclusion
Act
 Nativism
• Prescott Hall-Immigration Restriction League
 German, Scandanavian, and British
 1896-
Immigration Restriction League
• Required literacy tests
• Pres. Cleveland vetoed the bill
 Anti-Asian
• Denis Kearney-Workingmen’s Party
 In
2000 the U.S. population was 71% Caucasian,
12% African American, 12% Hispanic, 4%
Asian, and around 1% Native American.
 By 2050- 53% Caucasian, 13% African
American, 9% Asian, and 1% Native
Americans.
 The greatest increase is expected for
Hispanics, who will account for almost 25% of
the U.S.
Causes
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Effects
Immigrants leave
Their home
countries
Immigrants face
hardships in the
U.S.
Some nativists
Want to restrict
immigration

Study the photograph for 2 minutes. Form an overall
impression of the photograph and then examine
individual items. Next, divide the photo into quadrants
and study each section to see what new details become
visible.
People


Objects
Activities
Based on what you have observed above, list three
things you might infer from this photograph.
•
1.
•
2.
•
3.
What questions does this photograph raise in your
mind?
 Which
group of immigrants do you think
faced the greatest challenges in the
United States? Why?
 Homework: Due Tuesday
• Find stories of immigration or the experiences of
recent immigrants to U.S. that you have heard or
read about. Create a presentation of these
stories. Use pictures, text, or sound to represent
the stories.
Main Idea
The rapid growth of cities forced people to
contend with problems of housing
transportation, water, and sanitation
Why it Matters Now
Consequently, residents of U.S. cities today
enjoy vastly improved living conditions
 Why
did many immigrants settle in the
nation’s cities?
• Cities were cheaper and cities offered jobs.
Opportunities
Settle in Cities
Migration to the
City
Americanization
movement
Ethnic
Communities
Better Machinery
African
Americans move
North
 What
were the housing problems that
many poor city dwellers faced?
• Housing was overcrowded and cramp. Sanitation
and plumbing were problems.
<>
Housing
Tenements
Row houses
Fire
Volunteers
Cincinnati,
OH1st
Transportation
Mass transit
Urban
Problems
Crime
1844police
Water
Filtration
Chlorine
Sanitation
Scavengers
1900-sewer
lines
Jacob Riis
Jacob
Riis
Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis
Jacob
Riis
Jacob Riis

Settlement House Movement
• Social Gospel Movement- salvation through
service of the poor
• Settlement houses-community centers in poor
areas.
• Ran by college educated women.
• Jane Addams and Ellen Star Gates
 Hull House (1889)- Chicago
• Jamie Porter Barrett
 Locust St. Social Settlement (1890)-Hampton, VA
• 1910- more than 400 settlement houses.
 Describe
the movement of immigrants to
cities and the opportunities they found
there.
 Explain how cities dealt with housing,
transportation, sanitation, and safety
issues.
 Describe some of the organizations and
people who offered help to urban
immigrants.
Main Idea
Local and national political corruption in
the 19th century led to calls for reform.
Why it Matters Now
Political reforms paved the way for a more
honest and efficient government in the
20th century and beyond.
 Why
did machine politics become
common in big cities in the late 19th
century?
• The growing need for city services and the large
number of immigrants required a new power
structure.
City
Bosses
Ward
Bosses
Precinct Workers
and Captains

What means did many
political machines use to
maintain power?
• Political machines took
“kickbacks” or illegal
payments for their
services, enriched the
political machines. They
also granted favors to
businesses in return for
cash and accepted bribes
to allow illegal activities.
Gilded Age
Politics
Political
Machines
Immigrants &
The Machine
Controlled Activities
Boss’ helped
immigrants
w/naturalization,
housing,
Jobs, etc.
Election
Fraud
Vote numerous
times
Kickbacks
Illegal payments for
services
Bribery
Offering $ or service for
illegal activity
Graft
Patronage
Illegal use of political
influence for political gain
“Spoils System”- giving gov’t
jobs to help get a candidate
elected; Stalwarts;Pendleton
Civil Service Act
 The Tweed
Ring Scandal
• William Tweed “Boss
Tweed”
 Head of Tammany Hall
 Defrauded the city
• New York County
Courthouse
 $13 Million, actual cost $3 million
• Thomas Nast
 Exposed Tweed for wrong
doing.
 Political cartoons
 What
government problems arose as a
result of patronage?
• Inefficiency, fraud, and imcompetence
Nast depicts the
Tweed Ring: "Who
stole the pople's
money?" / "'Twas
him."
Nast shows Tweed's source of
power: control of the ballot box. "As
long as I count the Votes, what are
you going to do about it
Reform
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
Investigated
Nation’s
Customhouses
Gave Reformers
Jobs
Assassinated
Charles Guiteau
July 2, 1881
Pendleton Civil
Service Act
1883
 Harrison,
Cleveland, and
High Tariffs
• Big business
hoped for
protection
• Democratic party
opposed high
tariffs.
Tariffs
Grover
Cleveland
Benjamin
Harrison
Tried to
Lower
tariffs
McKinley
Tariff Act
1890
 Summarize
the views of Grover
Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on
tariffs.
• Cleveland wanted to reduce tariffs; Harrison
wanted to keep them high.
Election
Fraud
Patronage
Kickbacks
Corruption
Graft
Bribery
Test Today!! Unit I Exam: The Gilded Age and
the West
 Place all notes and worksheets in the following
order:

• Ch.10 Vocabulary
• Ch.10 Section 1-Immigration/Ch.10 Section 2-
Urbanization
• Worksheet- Immigration Facts
• Worksheet-Industry and Urban Growth
• Ch.10 Section 3- Politics of the Gilded Age/Political
Cartoon

Following the test, pick up the Building
Vocabulary for Progressive Era