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Colonies would provide a market for English exports
Source or raw material
Increase trade
Build up gold supply
Mercantilism – state controls trade and attempts to transfer wealth from colonies to parent country
Reasons for going to America
 Lack of economic opportunity in England
 Gold mines
 Religious persecution

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Joint-Stock Company

Backed by investors – people put money in to earn profits
 Investor got shares
 Split any profits
 Divided any losses
Virginia Company of London, Virginia Company of
Plymouth, (later Massachusetts Bay Company and Dutch West
Indies Company)
Charter
 Written contract
 Issued by government
 Gave the holder right to establish colony

 Who – Who were among the settlers at
Sagadahoc?
 Convicts
 Who was their leader?

George Popham
 What happened to the colonists at Roanoke?
 Cut off from food supply by Native Americans – sent back to England
 What happened to the colony at Sagadahoc?
 Arguments, harsh winter, fights with Native Americans, food shortages, forced to return to England

 What was the House of Burgesses?

 Elected representatives that would meet once a year
– first representative assembly in American
Colonies
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
 Marched into Jamestown, took control of House of
Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground.
 When was Jamestown settled?
 1607
 When did the starving time end?
 Starving time ended in 1610

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Why did the settlers go to Jamestown?
 Make money, find gold, new life, greater opportunities
Why didn’t the settlers get along with their neighbors?
 Because they wanted more and more of their land
Why did Jamestown nearly fail?
 Disease, unwilling to work, more interested in gold than work
Why did Bacon’s rebellion occur?

Opposed William Berkeley
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High taxes
Favoritism toward large plantation owners
Bacon wanted war with Native Americans to seize land for tobacco

 Where was Roanoke?
 Island off of North Carolina
 Where was Sagadahoc?
 Maine – mouth of Kennebec River
 Where was Jamestown?
 In Virginia, on a small peninsula on James River
 How was Jamestown saved from failure?
 John Smith took over and forced colonists to work – tobacco provided money to build the colony.

King James vs.
Pilgrims
Puritans vs.
Church of
England
Causes of
Conflict
Result of Conflict
Pilgrims a separatist group.
King attacked them for rejecting
England’s Official church.
Fled to Holland first. Approached
Virginia Comp. To arrange to settle in
America
Religious beliefs
Wanted church of
England to
“purify” its practices
Bad treatment by
King. Left England to form colonies in
America .Great
Migration

Causes of
Conflict
Result of
Conflict
Puritan leaders vs. Roger
Williams
Opposed forced attendance at church. Opposed taking Native lands by force
Left and started
Rhode Island
Puritan leaders vs. Anne
Hutchinson
Believed person could worship
God without help of church, minister or Bible
Banished and fled to Rhode Island

Quakers vs.
Massachusetts
Commonwealth
Causes of
Conflict
Result of Conflict
Believed that each person could know God directly through an inner light – no minister or bible needed.
Treat Native
Americans fairly
Called Quakers.
Whipped, imprisoned or hung. .Left for
Rhode Island

King Philip’s
War
Causes of
Conflict
Result of
Conflict
Americans – land belonged to person or group.
Native Americans
– land belonged to everyone.
Religion.
Increased population of
Europeans
Colonial victory.
Destruction of 12 colonial villages-
600 military -
3000 Native
Americans killed.
King Philip killed500 Native
Americans enslaved

Salem
Witchcraft
Trials
Causes of
Conflict
Result of
Conflict
Younger Arrests, trials and generations – different religious view than that of execution for witchcraft.
parents. False accusations.
Witch hunts

 Vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony
 Helped establish the idea of selfgovernment and majority rule

 How did Squanto and Samoset help the
Pilgrims?
 Interpreter between Pilgrims and Chief
Massasoit
 Negotiated a peace treaty
 Showed them how to plant, hunt and fish
 Describe the First Thanksgiving.
 Three day feast
 Represented the peace that existed at the time between Native Americans and
Pilgrims

 Congregation – group of people who belonged to the same church
 Set up own town
 Meeting house
 Most important building
 Gathered for town meetings
 A form of self government
 Made laws and other decisions for the community
 Only male church members could vote or hold office

 By law all had to attend church services
 Sermon provided instruction in New England
Way
 Emphasized duty, godliness, hard work and honesty
 Dancing and playing games would lead to laziness
 God requires them to work long and hard at their vocation
 Work ethic contributed to rapid growth and success of New England Colonies
 Depended on Education – laws required that all children be able to read

 Who founded Connecticut?
 Thomas Hooker
 What is the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut?
 A constitution
 Extended voting rights to non-church members
 Limited the power of the governor
 Expanded the idea of representative government

 Village near Portsmouth
 John Wheelwright – town of Exeter
 Exeter Compact – based on Mayflower
Compact

 What attracted Catholics, Quakers and Jews to these colonies?
 Religious freedom
 What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies?
 Hudson and Delaware river supported shipping and commerce
 River valleys had rich soil and mild winters
 Conditions favorable for farming and raising livestock

 What area did New Netherland include?
 Included Hudson river Valley, Long Island, land along
Delaware river
 Explain the Patroon system. How did help attract settlers to New Netherland?
 Patroon system
 Person brought 50 settlers
 Reward – patron received large land grant
 Special privileges in hunting, fishing and fur trading on land
 Jews, Africans as slaves, indentured servants and Puritans

 How did the English acquire New
Netherland?
 Peter Stuyvesant – governor
 Attacked New Sweden
 New Sweden surrendered

 Explain how the Duke of York became owners of New York?
 King Charles II wanted Duke to drive Dutch out of Netherland

Dutch a threat to England’s trade
 Threat because of expanding settlements and location

When Duke’s ships appeared off New
Amsterdam the colony surrendered
 Became a proprietary colony of New York
 Duke was owner

 How did the province of New Jersey come about?
 Duke of York gave province of New Jersey to George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley
 How did the owners of the New Jersey colony attract settlers?
 Promised freedom of religion
 Large grants of land
 Representative assembly


 Joined the Quakers
 Attacked for his beliefs
 King Charles gave him large piece of land in America in partial payment to his family
 Called Pennsylvania – Means “Penns
Woods”
 Created a colony for Quakers

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How did Penn’s religious beliefs affect the way he governed Pennsylvania?
 Quakers
 All people should live in peace and harmony
 Welcomed different religions and ethnic groups
 Wanted Native Americans to be treated fairly
 Policies made Pennsylvania one of the wealthiest of American Colonies

 Granted three lower counties of Delaware their own Assembly – became Delaware

 Maryland, Carolinas and Georgia
 Soil and climate suitable for crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo

For Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in
England
 Promised religious freedom to attract more settlers
 Passed Toleration Act

 Economy based on tobacco
 Used up the land
 Had to clear new land every 3-4 years
 Laborers came as servants or slaves
 Few women as settlers

 Early settlers build Charles Town –
Charleston
 Cut timber, raised cattle and traded with
Native Americans
 Refuge for Huguenots (French Protestants) seeking religious freedom

 Needed laborers to grow rice and indigo
 Encouraged to used enslaved Africans
 Sold Native Americans into slavery
 Battle between settlers and Native
Americans over Indian slaves and taking of land

 Battle between settlers and Native
Americans over Indian slaves and taking of land
 No help from owners so they overthrew the rule
 Became Royal Colony – governor appointed by King
 Divided into North and South Carolina

 Why did James Oglethorpe found Georgia?
 Refuge for debtors
 How did the English government intent to use the
Georgia colony?
 English governor wanted a military outpost against
Spanish Florida and French Louisiana
 Spanish tried to force English out but unsuccessful

 Who settled in Georgia?
 English, German, Swiss and Scottish
 All religions welcome
 Why did Oglethorpe lose control and what happened to the colony?
 Oglethorpe set strict rules that upset colonists
 King made a royal colony

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