Objectives for Goal 2:
Expansion and Reform
2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the
admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 1850
2.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism
were reflected in art, literature, and language
2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social issues that
led to sectionalism and nationalism
2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities that
contributed to sectionalism and nationalism
2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate their
effectiveness
2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and
other social movement issues.
What is “Nationalism”?

After the War of 1812, the memories of
the American Revolution faded, including
memories of what it had been like to be
13 individual colonies.

Americans began thinking of themselves
as one “United” country of states.
Webster’s 1828 Dictionary

His book contained 70,000 words, of which
12,000 had never appeared in a published
dictionary before. As a spelling reformer,
Webster believed that British spelling rules were
unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary
introduced American English spellings, replacing
"colour" with "color", substituting "wagon" for
"waggon", and printing "center" instead of
"centre". He also added new American words.

What was the greatest impact this publication
had on America?
Examples of Nationalism
Pres. James Monroe: “Era of Good Feelings”
(1818-1824)
 Henry Clay’s “American System”
 Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

“…as a principle in which the rights and interests
of the United States are involved, that the
American continents, by the free and
independent condition which they have assumed
and maintain, are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for future colonization by
any European powers.” – Pres. James Monroe
What does this mean?
How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?
Re-chartering of the National Bank
 Tariffs
 Settlers moving West
 Industrial Revolution
 Slavery

How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?

Re-chartering of the National Bank
– Created by ________________ in 1790 to
help the nation be responsible with its
finances
– The bank’s charter expired in 1811 and state
run banks begin popping up all over the U.S.
– In 1816, the bank was re-chartered with
corrupt and irresponsible management.
– ________ of 1819 resulted in hatred between
the _______ and ________ .
How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?

Tariffs
– As tariffs during the War of 1812 ________,
Congress voted to keep them at those
levels.
– Tariffs benefited most Americans in 2 ways:
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
This eventually created sectionalism between the
_____________ and the _________________.
How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?

Settlers moving West
“We will keep out nobody. Arrivals will suffer no
disadvantages as aliens. But they can expect no
advantages either.” – John Quincy Adams
– 1820 Congress decreased cost of buying land
in the West
– The West supported this move, but the North
and East disliked this because
____________________________________.
How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?

Industrial Revolution
– __ out of 10 Americans were farmers up
until the War of 1812.
– War stopped trade of manufactured good
from Europe, therefore there was a boom in
products “Made in the USA”.
– Inventions! Inventions!
 Interchangeable parts:
 Erie Canal:
 Steam power:
 Sewing machine:
 Morse code:
Erie Canal
How did the following issues create
“sectionalism” in the United States?

Slavery
– How did these inventions increase slavery?
 Cotton Gin
 Sugar cultivation
 Steel plow
– In 1800, an average slave cost $50, by 1850,
the cost was more than $ _______.
– In 1800, there were 900,000 slaves, by 1860,
there were nearly ____________.

How did the ________ and the ________
each view slavery?
Justifying Slavery

Slaves were encouraged to be devout Christians,
but the Christian message they received from
planters and ministers was to be docile and
submissive. It was God’s will that they spent
their lives as slaves and sermons capitalized on
such themes as “obeying the master.”
What religious movement changed this later?
_________________________________________
Primary Source: Slave Codes
Virginia – "If any slave resists his
master...correcting such a slave, and shall
happen to be killed in such correction...the
master shall be free of all punishment...as if
such accident never happened."
 South Carolina – “.... Every slave hereafter out
of his master's plantation, without a ticket, or
leave in writing, from his master...shall be
whipped...."
 Louisiana - "The slave who, having struck his
master, his mistress, or the husband of his
mistress, or their children, shall have produced a
bruise, or the shedding of blood in the face,
shall suffer capital punishment."

What was the Missouri
Compromise?

1819 Missouri petitioned for statehood.

America now had ____ free states and
____ slave states.
The compromise settled the issue in 2
ways:

1. ________________________
2. ________________________
Exit Ticket Question

Write North, South or West on your
index card in response to each question
below:
1. Which region favored the National Bank of
the US?
2. Which region became too dependent on only
one product for trade?
3. Which region opposed tariffs?
4. Which region was happy that Congress
lowered the price of land per acre?
5. Which region primarily based its economy
and factories and manufacturing?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Define “nationalism”
In addition to a good economy, what is one other
factor that usually helps countries feel united and
nationalistic?
In addition to re-chartering the National Bank, what
did Henry Clay want to fund with federal money for his
“American System”?
The Monroe Doctrine warned “who” to stay out of the
Americas.
The Panic of 1819 created sectionalism between which
two regions of the country?
What was one way Tariffs benefited some Americans?
What state benefited most from the building of the
Erie Canal?
What invention by Eli Whitney helped to make slavery
a prosperous industry?
Slavery created sectionalism between which two
regions?
Name the 2 components of the Missouri Compromise
that tried to settle the issue of slavery in the United
States.
Bell Ringer
1.
2.
3.
Write your name on the index card
Number from 1 – 10 (leave some space
for short answer questions)
On the back of the card, write the
following:
– “Education will give me the power to….”
4.
Take out your notes from yesterday and
WAIT for further instructions!
Objectives for Goal 2:
Expansion and Reform
2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the
admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 1850
2.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism
were reflected in art, literature, and language
2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social issues that
led to sectionalism and nationalism
2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities that
contributed to sectionalism and nationalism
2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate their
effectiveness
2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and
other social movement issues.
Manifest Destiny
What was the moral justification behind
Manifest Destiny?
How did Americans’ attitude about Manifest
Destiny affect Native Americans?
____________ River School Art
What would be some results of Americans viewing this new
type of art? (also see page 113)
Art and Literature During Expansion
Period

Transcendentalism:
– A new way to look at humanity and nature
and God.
– They believed people could go beyond, or
____________, their senses to learn about
the world.
– Believing should listen to their __________
instead of religious teachings to learn about
the world.
Art and Literature During Expansion
Period

Transcendentalism:
– ____________________ was the leading
Transcendentalist of his time.
– Henry David Thoreau wrote his famous work
“___________________” after being jailed for
not paying taxes to support war, which later
affected Civil Rights leaders in the 1960’s.
 “people must be true to his or her own conscience,
even if it means breaking the law.”
Winning Texas

Mexico wins its independence from
______ in 1821.

Who was Stephen F. Austin?

Who were Texians?
Winning Texas

Who was Santa Anna and what did he do
in 1835?

What happened at the Alamo?
Winning Texas

What happened at the Battle of San
Jacinto?

Why did it take so long for Texas to join
the United States?
Cornell Notes: Jackson’s Bank War

1819: What happened in McCullough vs.

1832: What starts Jackson’s “Bank War”?
What was “The Monster”?

1833: What were “pet banks”?

1837: What happens to the Second
National Bank and the “pet banks”?
Maryland?
James Polk 1844 Campaign

Secured the Oregon Territory (54’ 40’ or Fight!)

Purchased half a million square miles of land in
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of MexicanAmerican War)

Founded the Smithsonian Institute (“increase
and diffusion of knowledge” about American)
Based on Polk’s actions as President, what could a
summary of this Presidency be?
Manifest Destiny!






1819: From who did we get Florida Territory?
1820-1840: What state were Indians removed to
in forced marches?
1846-1848: Why did the Mexican War start?
1848: What two major states were given the
United States after the Mexican War in what is
known as Mexican Cession?
1853: What was the result of the Gadsden
Purchase?
1845: What was the last slave state to be
admitted to the Union?