Renewing the Sectional Struggle:
1848-1854
Although the Compromise of 1850 temporarily quieted
sectionalism, attempts to expand slavery in the 1850’s
culminated in the secession of the Confederacy
•Compromise of 1850
•Expansion of Slavery
•Rise of Sectionalism
•Failure of Compromise
I. Compromise of 1850
A.
Background Events
1.
2.
Wilmot Proviso, 1848
The compromise: Popular
Sovereignty
Election 1848
3.
a.
b.
4.
B.
Taylor/Fillmore (W) v. Cass (D)
“Free soil, free speech, free labor,
free men.”
CA Gold Rush
Background Issues
1.
2.
3.
Political balance of slavery
CA and Mexican Cessation?
Fugitive Slave Law, 1793
a. Harriet Tubman
4.
5.
C.
Disputed territory with TX
Slavery in D.C. (1000 per year)
Negotiations
A.
B.
C.
D.
Clay and Douglas and Webster and
Fillmore
Calhoun
William “higher law” Seward
Provisions (PopFACT)
Manifest Destiny SF Walking Tour, Dec. 21st
II. Expansion of Slavery
A. Election of 1852
1.
2.
Pierce a proslave northerner
supported the F.S.L. (D)
Scott’s (W) support of F.S.L.
alienated southern Whigs
B. International Expansion
1.
Asia
a.
b.
2.
Treaty of Wanghia, 1844
Commodore Perry, 1852
Latin America
a.
b.
c.
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1848
W. Walker in Nicaragua
Ostend Manifesto, 1854
II. Expansion of Slavery (cont.)
C.
Domestic Expansion:
Transcontinental RR
1.
2.
Gadsden Purchase
Proposed territory of NB
and KS
a.
b.
3.
S. Douglas
Popular Sovereignty
Reactions!
a.
b.
c.
d.
North “Free-Soilers”
Southern “Fire-eaters”
Crash of Democratic
Party-28 years
Creation of GOP
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
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Lewis Cass
Stephen Douglas
Franklin Pierce
Zachary Taylor
John Calhoun
Winfield Scott
Martin Van Buren
Daniel Webster
Matthew Perry
Harriet Tubman
William Seward
James Gadsden
Henry Clay
Millard Fillmore
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Popular Sovereignty
Filibustering
Free Soil Party
Fugitive Slave Law
“conscience Whigs”
“personal liberty laws”
Underground Railroad
Compromise of 1850
“fire-eaters”
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Ostend manifesto
“higher law”
Kansas-Nebraska Act
III. Rise of Sectionalism
A.
Voices of Sectionalism
1.
2.
B.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Hinton Helper
Case Study: “Bleeding KS”
1.
Emigration into KS
a.
2.
Territorial vote, 1855
a.
b.
3.
John Steuart Curry’s Tragic Prelude (1938-1940)
Attack on Lawrence, KS
Pottawatomie Massacre, 1856
Caning of Senator Sumter
Election of 1856
1.
2.
5.
“border ruffians”
Free-soilers in Topeka
Violence
a.
b.
c.
4.
NEEAC and “Beecher’s Bibles”
Buchanan (D) v. Fremont (R) v. Fillmore (“Do
Not”)
No extension of slavery (R) v. Popular
Sovereignty (D)
Statehood vote, 1857
a.
b.
Pro-slavery LeCompton Constitution
Buchanan upsets N. Demos and Douglas upsets S.
Demos.
IV. Failure of Compromise
A.
Dred Scot Decision
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
Financial Crisis of 1857
1.
2.
3.
C.
Ca Gold and Over-production/speculation
Western demand for free land
Industrialists demand for higher tariffs
Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
1.
2.
D.
Pro-Slave majority on court (Taney)
Hit #1: No citizenship for blacks
Hit #2: Slaves be taken anywhere (5th)
Hit #3: Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional (5th)
North horrified, “It’s an opinion, not
decision!”
GOP spotlight
Freeport Doctrine-territories could refuse to
pass laws protecting slavery—ending
slavery.
Harper’s Ferry, 1859
1.
2.
Establish free black state
Became a martyr in north and feared in the
south
Standing Lincoln, Lincoln Park, Chicago
IV. Failure of Compromise (cont.)
E. Election of 1860
1.
Democrats
a. Douglas
b. Breckinridge
2.
Constitutional Union
1. Bell
3.
Republicans
1. Lincoln
F. Tragic Chain Events
1.
2.
3.
11 states secede by VA
Confederate States of
Am., 1861
Crittenden amendments
Chapter 19 Vocabulary
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
Hinton Helper
John Brown
James Buchanan
Charles Sumner
John C. Fremont
Dred Scott
Roger Taney
John Breckenridge
John Bell
Jefferson Davis
• Uncle Tom’s Cab
• New England Immigrant Aid
Company
• Pottawatowie
• Lecompton Constitution
• “Bleeding Kansas”
• American Party
• Dred Scot
• Panic of 1837
• Freeport Doctrine
• Constitutional Union party
• Crittenden Comprise