World History
Unit 5
Absolutism to Revolution:
1500-1900
Chapter 21
Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spain’s Empire and European
Absolutism
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
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Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine
right
Charles V’s Spanish Empire
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Charles V
– splits his Spanish empire
Philip II
– Charles’ son
– Spain, Spanish Netherlands,
American colonies
• King’s 1/5th
– Portugal - 1580
– Defender of the Faith
• Battle of Lepanto - 1571
• Spanish Armada - 1588
– Arts
• Diego Velazquez
• Miguel de Cervantes
– Don Quixote
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Spain’s problems
• Inflation
– population increase, price
increase
– drop in silver value
• taxes
– expulsion of Jews and Moors
– no middle class
• merchant guilds
– no capitalism; wealth flowed out
• Dutch Revolt
– occupation force
– Calvinism and taxes
– William of Orange - 1579
• United Provinces of the
Netherlands
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
United Provinces (Netherlands)
– religious toleration
– republic
• focus on commerce
– world’s largest merchant fleet
– world’s bankers
• art
– Rembrandt van Rijn
• wealthy merchants; groups
Absolute Monarchs
– rule without limits
• urbanization; middle class
• decline in church influence
• decline in nobility influence
– divine right
• God’s representative
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
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Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
Wealthiest and most powerful; Defender of the Faith; Golden Age
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
Inflation, unequal taxes, out-flowing wealth, Dutch Revolt
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
William of Orange, religious toleration, commerce and banking, art
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy.
Retain all power, divine right, rise from centralization and crises
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right
Assessment
1) He split his empire and retired to a
monastery
2) he inherited his father’s empire in Spain,
Spanish Netherlands, and New World
3) title given to those who defend Catholicism
4) Spanish fleet defeated the Ottomans at this
battle
5) They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
6) This Cervantes character was like a
bumbling medieval knight
7) They paid the majority of taxes in Spain
8) These guilds kept Spain from becoming
capitalistic
9) He defeated Spain in the Dutch Revolt
10) The two reasons that the United Provinces
of the Netherlands were unique
1) Charles V
2) Philip II
3) Defender of the Faith
4) Battle of Lepanto
5)
6)
7)
8)
English
Don Quixote
peasants
merchants
9) William of Orange
10) religious toleration and
they formed a republic
Chapter 21
Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.
Section 2
France’s Ultimate Monarch
France’s Ultimate Monarch
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Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in
France.
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu,
skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste
Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession
Religious Wars Create a Crisis
King Henry II & Catherine de Medicis
– 1559: Catherine real power
– 1572: St. Bartholomew’s Day
•
Henry of Navarre - 1589-1610
– Protestant Prince (Huguenot)
– inherits the throne
• Henry IV
• 1st Bourbon king
– Catholic conversion
– Edict of Nantes - 1598
• religious toleration
•
Louis XIII
– Cardinal Richelieu
• de facto ruler
• increased Bourbon power
• Huguenots and nobles
– skepticism
• nothing can be known for certain
• Michel de Montaigne
Louis XIV Rules Absolutely
Louis XIV - 1643
– most powerful king
• crown at age 5
– Cardinal Mazarin - 1643-1661
• Louis’ minister
• 1648 Thirty Years War Treaty
– most powerful in Europe
• fight with nobles
– centralization of power
• noble exclusion
• intendants
– tax and justice agents
– Jean Baptiste Colbert
• finance minister
• mercantilism policies
– Edict of Nantes revocation
Louis’s Grand Style
Nobility
– morning dress
– increased royal authority
• dependence on Louis
• kept from locales
Versailles
– 11 miles from Paris
• $2B in 1994 dollars
• 36K laborers
• 500 yards long
– What is similar in China?
– Arts patronage
• Sun King
• glorify the king
Versailles Gardens
Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
France in 1660
– largest population & army
• Spanish Netherlands - 1667
• Dutch Netherlands - 1672
– ‘dike’ warfare
• League of Augsburg - 1689
– balance of power alliance
– Sweden, Spain, England
• War of Spanish Succession
– Charles II dies - 1700
• Philip of Anjou
– Treaty of Utrecht - 1713
• Spain and France separate
Louis XIV legacy
– empire, debt, resentment
France’s Ultimate Monarch
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Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in France.
Protestants vs. Catholics civil wars; Henry IV religious tolerance;
Cardinal Richelieu’s rise; skepticism embraced
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
Cardinal Mazarin raises taxes / strengthens central govt.; Louis is
France’s most powerful king; Jean Baptiste Colbert’s economy
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
Luxury; nobles waiting game; Versailles and patronage
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
French expansion; European anti-French alliance; weakening
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis
XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish
Succession
Assessment
1) This Protestant prince converted to
Catholicism after gaining French throne
2) Henry was the 1st king of this dynasty
3) 1598 edict called for religious toleration
4) he was the real power behind the throne of
Louis XIII
5) ‘nothing can be known for certain’
6) France’s most powerful ruler ever
7) they were tax and justice agents
8) this economic minister advocated
mercantilist policies to King Louis XIV
9) the fabulous palace built by Louis XIV
10) this 1689 alliance in Europe was designed
maintain a balance of power
1) Henry IV (of Navarre)
2) Bourbon
3) Edict of Nantes
4) Cardinal Richelieu
5)
6)
7)
8)
skepticism
Louis XIV
intendants
Jean Baptiste Colbert
9) Versailles
10) League of Augsburg
Chapter 21
Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.
Section 4
Russian Czars Increase Power
Russian Czar’s Increase Power
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Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers
began to build a stronger Russian state.
To characterize differences between Russia and
western Europe and the emerging role of Peter
the Great.
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on
Russia.
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the
Great, westernization
From Ivan to the Romanovs
Ivan III -1462-1505
– founder of empire
• liberated Russia from Mongols
– centralize government
Ivan IV – 1533-1584
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–
–
–
“good” – 1547-1560
czar
“terrible” – 1560
boyars
• landowning nobles
– traitors
• Anastasia
Time of Troubles
– battle for throne
• boyars
– Michael Romanov - 1613
Russia Expansion – Ivan IV
Peter the Great Takes the Throne
Russia in the 1600s
– land of serfs and boyars
• mid-1850s
– serfs attached to land
– isolation
• Constantinople
– Eastern Orthodox
• Mongol threat
Peter the Great – 1696-1725
– future of Russia
• warm water seaport
– competition
• westernization
– ‘Grand Embassy’
– customs and technology
– England, Germany, Austria
Russian Expansion - Peter
Peter Rules Absolutely
Change Takes Power
– Russian Orthodox Church
• state control
– power from nobles
• appointing of ‘loyal’ lower class
– westernized professional army
• heavy taxes
Societal Changes
– 1st newspaper
– increased women status
– traditional dress banned
St. Petersburg
– “window to the west”
– water routes to Europe
Russian Czars Increase Power
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Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a
stronger Russian state.
Czars strengthen Russian state; reduce power of boyars; Ivan the
‘good’ becomes Ivan the ‘terrible’
To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe
and the emerging role of Peter the Great.
1696 Peter the Great takes throne; Russia is land of nobles and
serfs, isolated and backwards; Peter visits and studies western
Europe
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
Peter westernizes Russia; religion under state control; limits power
of nobles; modernizes army; Baltic Sea seaport at St. Petersburg
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great,
westernization
Assessment
1)
2)
3)
4)
Who founded the Russian Empire in 1462
He liberated Russia from the Mongols
He was the 1st ruler to be called ‘czar’
Ivan got this nickname because of his
treatment of nobles after his wife died
5) Russian landowning nobles
6) He emerged out of the ‘Time of Troubles’ in
1613 as the new Russian ruler
7) These people were ‘attached’ to the land
8) He tries to ‘westernize’ Russia
9) How did Peter pay for his new ‘westernized’
army
10) This city was the new capital and a
Russian “window to the west”
1)
2)
3)
4)
Ivan III
Ivan III
Ivan IV
Terrible
5) boyars
6) Michael Romanov
7) serfs
8) Peter the Great
9) heavy taxes
10) St. Petersburg
Chapter 21
Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.
Section 5
Parliament Limits the English
Monarchy
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
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Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and
Parliament.
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil
War.
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver
Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious
Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet
Monarchs Clash with Parliament
Elizabeth - 1558-1603
– last of Tudors
James I - 1603-1625
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–
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–
Scottish Stuarts
absolute monarchy
Calvinist
King James Bible - 1611
Charles I - 1625-1649
– son of James I
– calls Parliament - 1628
• Petition of Right
– law is higher than king
– dissolves Parliament - 1629
– calls Parliament -1641
• ‘Scot’ problem
English Civil War
English Civil War - 1642-1649
– Parliament limit on king’s power
• Charles I orders arrests
• supporters and opponents of
Charles I
– Royalists vs. Roundheads
– Oliver Cromwell - 1644-1658
• Puritan Roundhead leader
• Charles I captured by 1647
– lost English Civil War
– public execution
• rules England as military
dictator
• puts down Irish rebellion
• tolerance except Catholics
Restoration and Revolution
Restoration
• Charles II - 1660-1685
– son of Charles I
• habeas corpus - 1679
– no jailing for political opposition
– speedy trial
• James II - 1685-1688
– Charles II brother
– Catholic
• Whigs vs. Tories
– dissolves Parliament
– infant son - 1688
Political Changes
Glorious Revolution - 1689
– William and Mary
• Prince of the Netherlands
– Protestants
• Parliamentary invite
– bloodless overthrow of James II
– William as new English king
• Parliament recognized partner
• constitutional monarchy
– laws limit monarch’s power
• Bill of Rights
• cabinet
– prevent disagreements
– link between monarch / majority
Stuart Family Tree
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
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Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
English kings clash w/ Parliament over money and power; Charles
I dissolves Parliament
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
Charles I recalls Parliament; Charles I supporters vs. opponents in
Civil War; Puritans win civil war; Charles I executed
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
Charles II as king; James II deposed; William and Mary take power
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights; cabinet as center of power
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell,
Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional
monarchy, cabinet
Assessment
1) This Scottish family followed the Tudors as
the ruling dynasty of England in 1603
2) He was the founder of the dynasty in # 1
3) James I believed in this type of government
4) This English king lost his head in 1649
5) This event between 1642-1649 brought
Puritans into power in England
6) These two groups opposed each other in
the English Civil War
7) This Puritan leader became a military
dictator in 1649
8) He ruled following the 1660 Restoration
9) This calls for a speedy trial and no jailing of
political opponents
10) William and Mary ascend the English
thrown in this 1689 bloodless rebellion
1) Stuarts
2) James I
3) absolute monarchy
4) Charles I
5) English Civil War
6) Royalists and Roundheads
7) Oliver Cromwell
8) Charles II
9) habeas corpus
10) Glorious Revolution